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161.
Facial stimulus processing is an important topic to explain how people comprehend affective disposition in others. The effect
of attentive and pre-attentive elaboration of emotional facial expression was explored in the present research by using backward
masking procedure. Specifically, unconscious mental process of emotion comprehension was analyzed: pictures presenting a happy,
sad, angry, fearful, disgusted, surprised expressions were submitted to 21 subjects in both attentive and pre-attentive conditions
and event-related potentials (ERPs) were registered in the two conditions. The two processes, attentive and pre-attentive,
seem to be similar in their nature, since they are marked by analogous ERP deflections. In fact, two ERP effects were found,
a positive (P300) deflection, maximally distributed on the parietal regions, and a negative (N200) deflection, more localized
on the frontal sites. Nevertheless, some differences between the two conditions were found in terms of quantitative modulations
of the two peaks. The N200 effect, ampler in attentive condition, may be considered such as an index of conscious processing
of emotional faces, whereas the P3 (P3a) effect, higher in pre-attentive condition, was considered a specific marker of the
automatic, unconscious process during the emotional face comprehension. 相似文献
162.
Research in the context of the mood-behavior-model (Gendolla in Rev Gen Psychol 4:348–408, 2000) has shown that moods can have an impact on effort mobilization due to congruency effects on demand appraisals. However,
the mood research literature suggests that mood may also influence effort mobilization by its impact on appraisals of the
instrumentality of success. In a single factor (mood valence: negative vs. neutral vs. positive) between-persons design, participants
performed a memory task under conditions of unclear task difficulty. By successfully performing the task, participants could
earn the chance to win a monetary reward. As predicted for tasks with unclear difficulty, effort mobilization—assessed as
cardiovascular reactivity—increased from negative to positive mood. This effect was mediated by the subjective probability
of winning the monetary reward for successful performance. These results demonstrate for the first time that mood can influence
effort mobilization via the estimated instrumentality of success. 相似文献
163.
Psychological Studies - In light of critical psychology and socio-constructionist theories, the present work aims at analyzing attitudes of political agency, psychological adjustment to trauma, and... 相似文献
164.
Two experiments investigated the influence of priming trait concepts associated with cooperation versus competition on cooperative choices in the ‘Ring Measure of Social Values’. While models of associative memory explain priming effects on immediate associative responses, they fail to provide a sufficient account for the impact of priming on deliberate, voluntary behaviours, because the same activated concepts (e.g. ‘strong’, ‘profit’, ‘success’) may foster opposite behavioural tendencies (i.e. raise competitive impulses or remind the individual of a cooperation norm). The hypothesis is proposed and tested that the evaluative component of the prime stimuli moderates the behavioural tendency (approach versus avoidance) elicited by the semantic priming component. Accordingly, Experiment 1 shows that both positively toned concepts linked to cooperation as well as negatively toned concepts linked to competition lead to increased cooperative choices. Experiment 2 demonstrates that simple, invariant properties of the prime stimuli are more readily extracted than more complex, interactive prime relations. In general, the priming effects are confined to subjects who lack a consistent, pre-experimental value orientation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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166.
Measuring parental and family efficacy beliefs of adolescents' parents: Cross‐cultural comparisons in Italy and Portugal 下载免费PDF全文
Marisa Costa Luísa Faria Guido Alessandri Gian Vittorio Caprara 《International journal of psychology》2016,51(6):421-429
The goal of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Perceived Parental Self‐Efficacy (PPSE) and Perceived Family Collective Efficacy (PFCE) revised scales in the Portuguese and Italian contexts. To this aim two studies were conducted: the first reported the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with Portuguese samples, whereas the second addressed the cross‐cultural invariance of PPSE and PFCE (Portugal and Italy). Results of the first study showed the appropriate fit of the unifactorial model of both scales to Portuguese data. The invariance analyses performed in the second study attested to the PPSE and PFCE's configural, metric and scalar invariance in both countries. The correlations of PPSE and PFCE with communication, management of conflict and children's school achievement further attested to their construct and practical validity. Thus, PPSE and PFCE proved to be suitable to further use in research and psychological assessment fields. 相似文献
167.
Hanna Van Parys Elia Wyverkens Veerle Provoost Petra De Sutter Guido Pennings Ann Buysse 《Family process》2016,55(1):139-154
In this qualitative study of 10 lesbian couples who built their families through anonymous donor conception, we explore how lesbian parents experience communication about the donor conception within the family. While for these families “disclosure” of donor conception is often seen as evident, the way parents and children discuss this subject and how this is experienced by the parents themselves has not received much research attention. To meet this gap in the literature, in‐depth interviews with lesbian couples were conducted. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis showed that this family communication process can be understood within the broader relational context of parent–child relationships. Even though parents handled this family communication in many different ways, these were all inspired by the same motives: acting in the child's best interest and—on a more implicit level—maintaining good relations within the family. Furthermore, parents left the initiative for talking about the DC mostly to the child. Overall, parents aimed at constructing a donor conception narrative that they considered acceptable for both the children and themselves. They used different strategies, such as gradual disclosure, limiting the meaning of the donor, and justifying the donor conception. Building an acceptable donor conception narrative was sometimes challenged by influences from the social environment. In the discussion, we relate this qualitative systemic study to the broader issues of selective disclosure and bidirectionality within families. 相似文献
168.
Gainotti G 《Brain and cognition》2011,75(3):299-309
In recent years, the anatomical and functional bases of conceptual activity have attracted a growing interest. In particular, Patterson and Lambon-Ralph have proposed the existence, in the anterior parts of the temporal lobes, of a mechanism (the 'amodal semantic hub') supporting the interactive activation of semantic representations in all modalities and for all semantic categories. The aim of then present paper is to discuss this model, arguing against the notion of an 'amodal' semantic hub, because we maintain, in agreement with the Damasio's construct of 'higher-order convergence zone', that a continuum exists between perceptual information and conceptual representations, whereas the 'amodal' account views perceptual informations only as a channel through which abstract semantic knowledge can be activated. According to our model, semantic organization can be better explained by two orthogonal higher-order convergence systems, concerning, on one hand, the right vs. left hemisphere and, on the other hand, the ventral vs. dorsal processing pathways. This model posits that conceptual representations may be mainly based upon perceptual activities in the right hemisphere and upon verbal mediation in the left side of the brain. It also assumes that conceptual knowledge based on the convergence of highly processed visual information with other perceptual data (and mainly concerning living categories) may be bilaterally represented in the anterior parts of the temporal lobes, whereas knowledge based on the integration of visual data with action schemata (namely knowledge of actions, body parts and artefacts) may be more represented in the left fronto-temporo-parietal areas. 相似文献
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