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81.
Orlo Strunk Jr. 《Pastoral Psychology》1982,31(1):7-18
Throughout its history, pastoral counseling has manifested a dynamic play between visioning and praxis. Frequently this interface has taken the form of issues, e.g., the identity issue, the theological question, the ecclesiastical relationship, and the paradigm matter. Such visioning and revisioning provide the movement with élan and should be encouraged through greater interaction with classical fields and scholars, by intensive research focused on the kinds of theological students attracted to pastoral counseling, and by stressing the importance of responsible visioning to those presently committed to the pastoral counseling movement.Dr. Strunk is Professor of Psychology of Religion and Pastoral Psychology in the Boston University School of Theology and in the Division of Theological and Religious Studies of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; a Clinical Supervisor in the Albert V. Danielsen Institute for Pastoral Counseling; and a consulting psychologist to the Ecumenical Counseling Service, Inc. in Melrose, Massachusetts. 相似文献
82.
Researchers conducting psychotherapy process research aim to understand the process by which efficacious psychotherapies achieve therapeutic benefits. A key challenge in this research is how to maximise what can be learned from naturalistic longitudinal data. We provide a selective overview of research examining the process of change in cognitive therapy of depression. While the efficacy of this treatment is widely recognised, a consensus regarding how the treatment reduces depressive symptoms and provides protection from relapse and recurrence has yet to be reached. We review the current state of the research addressing the process of change in cognitive therapy, highlighting how specific methodological features can be used to better understand the process by which this treatment achieves its effects. We highlight the importance of two key challenges to making causal inferences from a process–outcome relation: (a) establishing the temporal precedence of predictors to outcome variables, and (b) evaluating whether any relations identified could be spurious. We argue that methodologically rigorous studies tend to support key claims of the model underlying cognitive therapy of depression. We conclude by considering future directions. For example, we highlight the importance of efforts to understand patient characteristics that may moderate process–outcome relations and could ultimately prove useful in tailoring treatment to best suit individual patients. 相似文献
83.
84.
van Dijk WW van Koningsbruggen GM Ouwerkerk JW Wesseling YM 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2011,11(6):1445-1449
In two studies we demonstrated that self-esteem has a negative relationship with schadenfreude toward a high achiever and that this relationship was mediated by the self-threat evoked by this high achiever. Moreover, we showed that this indirect relationship was contingent on an opportunity to affirm the self. When no self-affirmation opportunity was available, low self-esteem participants experienced a stronger self-threat when confronted with a high achiever, and this self-threat increased their schadenfreude, whereas this response was attenuated when they were given an opportunity to self-affirm. These findings indicate that the misfortunes of others can evoke schadenfreude because they provide people with an opportunity to protect or enhance their self-views. 相似文献
85.
The Relation of Pro‐Sociality to Self‐Esteem: The Mediational Role of Quality of Friendships 下载免费PDF全文
Antonio Zuffianò Nancy Eisenberg Guido Alessandri Bernadette Paula Luengo Kanacri Concetta Pastorelli Michela Milioni Gian Vittorio Caprara 《Journal of personality》2016,84(1):59-70
The present longitudinal study examined the role of quality of friendship in mediating the relation of pro‐sociality to self‐esteem over time. Participants were 424 Italian young adults (56% females) assessed at two waves (Mage = 21.1 at Time 1; Mage = 25 at Time 2). An autoregressive cross‐lagged panel model was used to test the mediational model. Self‐ and friend‐report measures of pro‐sociality, quality of friendship, and self‐esteem were included in the analyses. Results were in line with the hypothesized paths, with quality of friendship mediating the relation of pro‐sociality to later self‐esteem above and beyond its high stability. Self‐esteem, in turn, predicted pro‐sociality 4 years later. Overall, the present findings support the potential benefits of behaving pro‐socially for an actor in terms of increased perceived self‐worth and also expand previous work by outlining the specific mediational role of the quality of friendships. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
86.
87.
Guido Governatori Francesco Olivieri Antonino Rotolo Simone Scannapieco 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2013,42(6):799-829
In this paper we propose an extension of Defeasible Logic to represent and compute different concepts of defeasible permission. In particular, we discuss some types of explicit permissive norms that work as exceptions to opposite obligations or encode permissive rights. Moreover, we show how strong permissions can be represented both with, and without introducing a new consequence relation for inferring conclusions from explicit permissive norms. Finally, we illustrate how a preference operator applicable to contrary-to-duty obligations can be combined with a new operator representing ordered sequences of strong permissions. The logical system is studied from a computational standpoint and is shown to have linear computational complexity. 相似文献
88.
Hermans D Van den Broeck K Belis G Raes F Pieters G Eelen P 《Behaviour research and therapy》2004,42(7):775-789
Research on autobiographical memory has shown that clinical depression is associated with a difficulty in retrieving specific autobiographical memories in response to cue words. This study examined the relation between lack of autobiographical memory specificity and self-reported trauma in a group of depressed adults (N = 23). In addition to the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) participants completed a number of questionnaires assessing the presence of traumatic experiences in the past, level of depression and neuroticism. The number of specific responses was not related to depression severity, but was significantly associated with the presence and severity of reported physical abuse. Participants who had been victim of physical abuse were less specific than participants who had not been confronted with such physical adversities. The results are discussed in the context of a functional hypothesis about the developmental relations between memory specificity, trauma and depression. 相似文献
89.
In this paper we show that the Hilbert system of agency and ability presented by Dag Elgesem is incomplete with respect to
the intended semantics. We argue that completeness result may be easily regained. Finally, we shortly discuss some issues
related to the philosophical intuition behind his approach. This is done by examining Elgesem's modal logic of agency and
ability using semantics with different flavours. 相似文献
90.
Reality monitoring and metacognitive beliefs related to cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The present study investigated general reality monitoring ability, and selective reality monitoring ability for anxiety relevant actions in a group of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a group of non-anxious controls. In addition, reality monitoring confidence was assessed, as well as specific meta-cognitive beliefs related to cognitive confidence (by means of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ)). No differences were found between both groups in actual reality monitoring ability. Unlike previous studies, the reality monitoring task included actions that were related to the individual concerns of the OCD patients and were ideographically selected. Nevertheless, no differential reality monitoring effect was observed for the anxiety relevant stimuli. Data from the MCQ, however, revealed that OCD patients had less overall confidence in their memory for actions and their reality monitoring ability. Analysis of the confidence ratings of the reality monitoring task showed that this reduced confidence was restricted to the neutral actions. No differences were observed for patients that reported low or high frequencies of checking behaviour. The whole of these data do not support memory deficit models of OCD, but are in line with recent emphasis on the importance of memory confidence and other meta-cognitive beliefs in OCD. 相似文献