Effect of strain rate on the compressive behaviour of a Zr56Al10.9Ni4.6Cu27.8Nb0.7 bulk metallic glass

We report the study of the effect of strain rate on the compressive behaviour of a Zr₅₆Al_10.9Ni_4.6Cu_27.8Nb_0.7 bulk metallic glass. The results indicated that both the strength and plasticity of the glass increase with increasing the strain rate up to 10^?5 s^?1, above which the strength and plasticity start to decrease. The enhanced mechanical properties under a strain rate of 10^?5 s^?1 are due to the emission/propagation rate of the shear bands being consistent with the strain rate.     

药物认知增强剂使用的伦理思辨

为提升专注力、记忆力等认知能力,健康人群以“超说明书用药”方式摄入延缓衰老或修复脑损伤造成的认知能力衰退的药品。该种认知增强技术的应用需要通过“伦理之前”的技术可行性审核和“技术之后”的生命伦理辨析才能初步确认其道德容许性。目前针对药物认知增强剂使用的担忧主要来自新药的疗效与风险尚不明确、市场主导下的药物获取渠道难以管控,以及亟待完善的社会规范。因此,当下药物认知增强技术的合理应用需强化政府对个体和商业力量的监管,重视经验数据的获取,以及科研机构对用药风险性的进一步研究与科学指导。

     

不同车速下司机对交通标志的辨认距离实验

本实验所得数据表明,不同车速下司机对同一标志的判读距离是不一样的,车速愈高,司机能判读标志的距离就愈短,同步行时相比,在车速提高到100公里/小时时,司机对标志的判读距离可减低35～45％。据我们的补充实验,这种现象的产生可能是由于司机在高速驾车情况下所产生的生理心理负荷造成的。     

中国古代道家人本主义思想——丰富和发展21世纪的人格和咨询心理学理论

美国心理学,包括人本心理学,更趋向于关注西方文化和欧美理论,而忽略东方或者其他国家的文化。文章研究了老子的道家思想(以前称为Taoism),从中国古代哲学的角度论述了以下人本主义观点:1)为无为或者自发性及自然之道的原理;2)心胸豁达和宽容;3)水善人格;4)对女性和母亲的尊重;5)中庸及避免极端;6)幸福他人和世界;7)反对战争,热爱和平。文章还讨论了早期的人本咨询理论和中国道家思想的关系。     

汉语母语者视听言语知觉发展趋势研究

6~12岁儿童、13~18岁青少年和20~30岁成人被试各30名,运用McGurk效应研究范式对汉语母语者视听言语知觉的发展趋势进行探讨。所有被试需要接受纯听和视听两种条件下的测试,其任务是出声报告自己听到的刺激。结果发现：（1）三个年龄阶段汉语母语者被试在安静听力环境下的单音节加工中都受到了视觉线索的影响,表现出了McGurk效应;（2）三个年龄阶段汉语母语者被试McGurk效应的强度存在显著差异,其受视觉言语影响的程度表现出随年龄增长而增强的发展趋势;（3）13岁以后汉语被试在视听一致下对视觉线索的依赖没有显著增强,但是在视听冲突下视觉言语的影响仍然在逐渐增强。     

The Heterogeneity of Truancy among Urban Middle School Students: A Latent Class Growth Analysis

This longitudinal study explores heterogeneity of middle school students by identifying subgroups of youth characterized by distinct truancy trajectories and by determining disability profiles that distinguish these subgroups. Participants comprised an entire 7th through 9th grade student population, with approximately 58,000 students, in a large urban school district. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify subgroups of truant youth. This analysis yielded five distinct truant subgroups: Very-Low (37 %), Low (43.4 %), Declining (3.3 %), Rising (12.8 %), and Chronic (3.6 %). Further, differential disability profiles were found in each subgroup with the control of demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, free/reduced lunch, Limited English Proficiency, grade, and prior school absences), students with serious emotional disturbance and learning disabilities demonstrated amplified risks of being classified in the Chronic or Rising subgroups, which show chronic or incremental upward truant trajectories over time. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research.     

Suppressor Effects of Positive and Negative Religious Coping on Academic Burnout Among Korean Middle School Students

Statistical suppressor effects in prediction models can provide evidence of the interdependent relationship of independent variables. In this study, the suppressor effects of positive and negative religious coping on academic burnout were examined using longitudinal data. First, 388 middle school students reported their type of religion and use of positive and negative religious coping strategies. Four months later, they also reported their level of academic burnout. From structural equation modeling, significant suppressor effects were found among religious students. That is, the coefficients became larger when both positive and negative religious coping predicted academic burnout simultaneously, compared to when each religious coping predicted academic burnout alone. However, suppressor effects were not found among non-religious students.     

Nostalgia's fulfillment of agentic and communal needs: How different types of self‐concepts shape consumer attitudes toward nostalgia

This research investigates how consumers' different types of self‐concepts (agentic vs. communal) shape their attitudes toward nostalgia. Experiment 1, using a two (self‐concept: agentic vs. communal) by two (nostalgia: nostalgic vs. non‐nostalgic) between‐subjects design and a series of multivariate analysis of variance and Hayes's PROCESS Model 8, showed that agentic and communal participants' preference was not increased in the non‐nostalgic condition but was increased in the nostalgic condition. Self‐concept indirectly influenced participants' preference for the nostalgic product through different functions of nostalgia; Agentic participants' likelihood of buying a nostalgic product and recommending it to others increased through enhanced self‐positivity, whereas communal participants' likelihood of buying a nostalgic product and recommending it to others increased through enhanced social connectedness. In Experiment 2, these results were replicated in the context of a public education campaign, and participants' chronic self‐concepts were measured. Participants with different chronic self‐concept tendencies were randomly assigned to nostalgic or non‐nostalgic conditions and were asked to indicate their attitudes toward the campaign. As in Experiment 1, a series of regression and Hayes' PROCESS Model 8 revealed that agentic and communal participants' attitudes were not enhanced in the non‐nostalgic condition but were enhanced in the nostalgic condition. Agentic (communal) individuals' favorability toward the nostalgic message about advocacy increased through enhanced self‐positivity (social connectedness). It appears that consumers with different self‐concepts (agentic vs. communal) experience enhanced feelings relevant to their self‐concepts (self‐positivity vs. social connectedness) when presented with nostalgic appeals for an object, and these heightened feelings drive an increased preference for it. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.