孔子与鲁乐本及《诗经》

孔子与《诗经》的关系非常密切。本文认为《诗经》是孔子以鲁国乐本为底本,在授徒过程中经过逐渐编选,最终成为《诗三百》的。     

时间因素对空间维度非线索更新的影响

采用实时窗口阅读技术,探讨文本阅读中时间因素在情境模型空间维度非线索更新中的作用。被试阅读角色在空间转换中插入时间间隔的短文,并对其间的物体进行再认探测。结果表明,在文本叙述中,如果在角色空间位置转换之后,增添一定的时间间隔,则可以促进相应空间设置内物体的非线索更新,并且,不同的时间间隔所起的作用是不同的。     

文本阅读中情境模型空间维度的非线索更新

采用实时窗口阅读技术,探讨文本阅读中不同研究范式下空间信息更新的特点。结果表明,阅读中情境模型空间信息的非线索实时更新是存在的,但要实现这种更新则需要一定的条件。相对于自动呈现材料,在更为自由的手动阅读条件下,先前阅读的空间信息,尤其是外显的位置信息（如“广场”）能够进行非线索的实时更新（实验一、实验二）;此外,实验三的结果表明,不同的探测位置对空间信息的通达也产生了影响。在更为敏感的探测位置上,内隐的空间实体信息（如,“雕像”）也表现出了非线索的更新。     

神经细胞粘附分子的唾液酸化作用对小鸡记忆的影响

神经细胞粘附分子的多聚唾液酸化不仅影响发育阶段神经元之间的相互作用,而且在学习记忆过程中也起着重要的作用。实验中的特异切割神经细胞粘附分子和多聚唾液酸之间α－２,８键在内神经氨酸苷酶ｅｎｄｏｎｅｕｒａｍｉｎｉｄａｓｅ ＮＥ定位注射到一日龄小鸡脑ＩＭＨＶ内,此酶明显破坏小鸡对一次性被动回避反应的记忆保持。这种破坏作用与酶的剂量有关,小于４μｇ的内神经氨酸苷酶对小鸡的记忆没有明显的影响。对胚胎第２０天     

自我调控学习:研究背景、方法发展与未来展望

自我调控学习(self-regulated leaming,SRL)是学生学习成功的终极问题.本文重点考察了自我调控学习的第二次研究浪潮,即有关即时测量自我调控过程研究方法的发展,如利用电脑跟踪、有声思维口头报告法、学生学习的结构化日记和微观的周期模型分析法,利用这些自我调控法,能够体现自我调控干预培训的有效性.虽然这些即时事件测量的方法仍处于雏形发展阶段,但对于自我调控学习的因果推论提供了宝贵的信息资料.本文还对今后相关重点课题和研究方法指明了方向.     

部分累积制养老保险体制的风险及替代模式探讨

我国部分累积制的城市社会养老保险是在20世纪80-90年代特定的经济与社会条件下提出并逐步成型的。这种体制基于当时人们对现收现付制应付老龄化社会的置疑,以及对其积累资金功能的需要。但是从现在的情况看,当初所设想的这两个基础条件和目标都是成问题的。这套制度运行几年以来已经暴露出一些严重的问题。虽然近年来通过技术性手段取得了一些成效,可以维持其当前的运行,但从长远的角度看,目前所采用的技术性手段难以从根本上消除部分累积制养老保险体制所固有的风险等问题。本文将从先行部分累积制养老保险的目标和条件入手,分析这套制度所存在的结构性问题,在此基础上提出并论证对这套体制进行进一步改造的必要性、可能性和相应的方案选择。     

自我参照与朋友参照对人格特质记忆的影响

采用记忆研究范式,本研究比较了自我参照编码和朋友参照编码对人格特质记忆的影响。结果发现,自我参照编码和朋友参照编码的再认错误率均小于语义编码,而两者之间的差异并不显著。这表明,和自我参照一样,朋友参照也会对人格特质的记忆起到促进作用;同时,再认反应时的结果表明,褒义人格特质的记忆效果好于贬义特质。     

Evaluation of the Informational Content,Readability and Comprehensibility of Online Health Information on Monogenic Diabetes

The purpose of this study was to assess the informational content, readability, suitability and comprehensibility of websites offering educational information about monogenic diabetes available to patients. The top 20 results from 15 queries in four search engines were screened. Content analysis was performed by two independent coders. Readability was determined using Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) and Simplified Measure of Goobledygook (SMOG). The Comprehensibility Assessment of Materials (SAM + CAM) scale was utilized to evaluate website suitability and comprehensibility. Only 2% (N = 29) of 1200 screened websites met inclusion criteria. Content analysis showed that 16 websites presented information on at least the most common forms of MODY (1, 2 and 3), four addressed the utility of genetic counseling, and none included support resources for patients. All websites exceeded the consensus readability level (6th grade) as assessed by FKGL (10.1 grade) and SMOG (12.8 ± 1.5 grades). Although the majority (N = 20) of websites had an overall “adequate” to “superior” quality score (SAM + CAM score > = 40%), more than one-third scored “not suitable” in categories of content, literacy demand, graphics, and learning motivation. The online educational resources for monogenic diabetes have a high readability level and require improvement in ease of use and comprehensibility for patients with diabetes.     

A Bayesian approach to mitigation of publication bias

The reliability of published research findings in psychology has been a topic of rising concern. Publication bias, or treating positive findings differently from negative findings, is a contributing factor to this “crisis of confidence,” in that it likely inflates the number of false-positive effects in the literature. We demonstrate a Bayesian model averaging approach that takes into account the possibility of publication bias and allows for a better estimate of true underlying effect size. Accounting for the possibility of bias leads to a more conservative interpretation of published studies as well as meta-analyses. We provide mathematical details of the method and examples.