Complexity of culture: the role of identity and context in bicultural individuals' body ideals

Culture plays an important role in shaping body image, and people from different cultures have different beliefs about what constitutes the "ideal" body type. This study examines the relationship between culture and body ideals in Asian-American and Black-American women. Results from two studies show that subjective cultural identity and situational cultural cues had different relationships with body ideals. Among Asian-American women, identification with Asian culture was related to a thinner body ideal, but exposure to Asian cultural cues (relative to American cultural cues) was related to a thicker body ideal. Among Black-American women, identification with Black culture was related to a thicker body ideal, but exposure to Black cultural cues (relative to American cultural cues) was related to a thinner body ideal. These results have theoretical and practical implications for understanding how internal and external manifestations of culture can differentially influence body image.     

Attentional bias toward waiting time information among individuals with high and low trait self-control when making intertemporal choices

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to explore whether the modulation effects of attentional biases toward time information representing immediate rewards and delayed rewards differ between individuals with high and low trait self-control. Forty participants with high trait self-control and 40 with low trait self-control were selected based on their responses to the Chinese version of the self-control scale, and they were asked to complete an intertemporal choice task and dot probe task first and then a cue-target task a week later. The results showed that the participants with low trait self-control were more likely to choose immediate rewards than participants with high trait self-control. Furthermore, facilitated attention and difficulty in attention disengagement toward present-related words were found among participants with low trait self-control with higher frequency than among those with high trait self-control. Finally, facilitated attention toward present-related words moderated the indifference points among the participants with low trait self-control.     

从集中制到民主集中制:论列宁组织思想的转变

在列宁的全部思想之中,革命和组织是其基本内容,而在他的组织思想中,集中制和民主集中制又是两座高耸的山峰。列宁在1 899年首先提出集中制,1 90 5年1 2月又接受孟什维克提出的民主集中制。促使列宁组织思想产生重大转变的历史原因概有五点:(1 )党内不具备贯彻集中制的组织基础。(2 )国际上不具备贯彻集中制的基本条件。(3) 1 90 5年革命改变了贯彻集中制的前提性条件。(4 )党内统一的大趋势要求革新集中制的组织原则。(5)罗莎·卢森堡的理性批评为改造集中制指明了正确的方向     

HIV-related stigma among market workers in China.

HIV-related stigma was examined among 209 employees and owners of stalls in 5 markets in an eastern coastal city in China. Of the participants 53% were women and 47% were men; 100% were Han. Ages ranged from 18 to 49 years (M=35, SD=8.1). Half of the participants believed that punishment was an appropriate response toward those living with HIV (50%). Over half (56%) were unwilling to be friends with infected individuals. The majority thought that those living with HIV should be isolated (73%). They agreed that persons living with HIV should not take care of other people's children (85%). Punishing beliefs toward persons living with HIV were related to being male, older, married, less educated, and unwilling to be tested for HIV.     

从女神崇拜到观音信仰--广州世居满族文化重建过程中的信仰变迁

广州世居满族是乾隆二十一年(1756)驻防广州的满族八旗兵的后代,在移民广州后的248年间,他们的民俗生活世界发生了巨大改变.本文对其信仰世界的流变、现状与特征进行了描述和分析,认为强化观音信仰是这个城市中的异质族群适应新的生活环境的手段之一,是他们强化族群认同,在移入地广州构建新的民俗生活世界的重要举措.     

试论慎子的学术思想

慎子是战国中期稷下学宫的代表人物之一。其思想主要体现在《慎子》①一书中。由于资料缺乏,慎子的思想学术派别历来说法不一。②本文以为:慎子将道家"道法自然"的思想加以演化并与其"尊君"、"尚法"、"贵势"、重"术"的学术理论很好地融合在了一起,但法家思想是其学术思想的重点与核心,他是战国中期由学说林立走向学术融合的重要代表性人物。