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211.
Karlen Lyons-Ruth Nadia Bruschweiler-Stern Alexandra M. Harrison Alexander C. Morgan Jeremy P. Nahum Louis Sander Daniel N. Stern Edward Z. Tronick 《Infant mental health journal》1998,19(3):282-289
It is increasingly apparent that “something more” than interpretation is needed to bring about change in psychoanalytic treatment. Drawing on clinical and developmental observations, we propose that interactional processes from birth onward give rise to a form of procedural knowledge regarding how to do things with intimate others, knowledge we call implicit relational knowing. This knowing is distinct from conscious verbalizable knowledge and from the dynamic unconscious. The implicit relational knowing of patient and therapist intersect to create an intersubjective field that includes reasonably accurate sensings of each person's ways of being with others, sensings we call the “real relationship.” This intersubjective field becomes more complex and articulated with repeated patient–therapist encounters, giving rise to emergent new possibilities for more coherent and adaptive forms of interaction. During a transactional event that we term a “moment of meeting,” a new dyadic possibility crystallizes when the two persons achieve the dual goals of complementary fitted actions and joint intersubjective recognition in a new form. We argue that such moments of meeting shift the relational anticipations of each partner and allow for new forms of agency and shared experience to be expressed and elaborated. © 1998 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health 相似文献
212.
Gualtiero Piccinini 《Synthese》2007,154(1):97-120
The Church–Turing Thesis (CTT) is often employed in arguments for computationalism. I scrutinize the most prominent of such
arguments in light of recent work on CTT and argue that they are unsound. Although CTT does nothing to support computationalism,
it is not irrelevant to it. By eliminating misunderstandings about the relationship between CTT and computationalism, we deepen
our appreciation of computationalism as an empirical hypothesis. 相似文献
213.
Huddy VC Hodgson TL Kapasi M Mutsatsa SH Harrison I Barnes TR Joyce EM 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(3):589-598
Eye movements were measured during the performance of a computerized Tower of London task to specify the source of planning abnormalities in patients with 1st-episode schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Subjects viewed 2 arrays of colored balls in the upper and lower parts of the screen. They were asked to plan the shortest sequence of moves required to rearrange the balls in the lower screen to match the upper arrangement. Compared with healthy controls, patients made more planning errors, and decision times were longer. However, the patients showed the same gaze biases as controls prior to making a response, indicating that they understood the requirements of the task, approached the task in a strategic manner by identifying the nature of the problem, and used appropriate fixation strategies to plan and elaborate solutions. The patients showed increased duration of long-gaze periods toward both parts of the screen. This suggests that the patients had difficulty in encoding the essential features of the stimulus array. This finding is compatible with slowing of working memory consolidation. 相似文献
214.
The history of psychiatric therapeutic communities is complex and obscure. Nevertheless, one can make a reasonable case for saying that the first true therapeutic community was created at Northfield Military Hospital, Birmingham, England, in 1945. That community had its origins in the thought and practice of two British psychoanalysts, John Rickman and Wilfred Ruprecht Bion. Accordingly, in the present article their careers and the social and intellectual influences bearing on them are discussed. The article then continues by describing Rickman's work as a military psychiatrist, Bion's prototype of a therapeutic community, and the therapeutic community that was eventually created at Northfield. It is hoped that the article will provide some of the groundwork for an adequate history of the therapeutic community. 相似文献
215.
Facial autonomic responses may contribute to emotional communication and reveal individual affective style. In this study, the authors examined how observed pupillary size modulates processing of facial expression, extending the finding that incidentally perceived pupils influence ratings of sadness but not those of happy, angry, or neutral facial expressions. Healthy subjects rated the valence and arousal of photographs depicting facial muscular expressions of sadness, surprise, fear, and disgust. Pupil sizes within the stimuli were experimentally manipulated. Subjects themselves were scored with an empathy questionnaire. Diminishing pupil size linearly enhanced intensity and valence judgments of sad expressions (but not fear, surprise, or disgust). At debriefing, subjects were unaware of differences in pupil size across stimuli. These observations complement an earlier study showing that pupil size directly influences processing of sadness but not other basic emotional facial expressions. Furthermore, across subjects, the degree to which pupil size influenced sadness processing correlated with individual differences in empathy score. Together, these data demonstrate a central role of sadness processing in empathetic emotion and highlight the salience of implicit autonomic signals in affective communication. 相似文献
216.
John W. O’Neill Michelle M. Harrison David Almeida Anne C. Crouter 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2009,74(1):18-29
This paper presents empirical research analyzing the relationship between work-family climate (operationalized in terms of three work-family climate sub-scales), organizational leadership (i.e., senior manager) characteristics, organizational commitment and turnover intent among 526 employees from 37 different hotels across the US. Using multilevel modeling, we found significant associations between work-family climate, and both organizational commitment and turnover intent, both within and between hotels. Findings underscored the importance of managerial support for employee work-family balance, the relevance of senior managers’ own work-family circumstances in relation to employees’ work outcomes, and the existence of possible contagion effects of leaders in relation to work-family climate. 相似文献
217.
Nicole Martins Dmitri C. Williams Kristen Harrison Rabindra A. Ratan 《Sex roles》2009,61(11-12):824-836
The 150 top-selling video games sold in the U.S. across nine platforms were content analyzed to study representations of female bodies. All human females in the games were captured via screenshot and body parts measured. These measurements were then compared to actual anthropometric data drawn from a representative sample of 3,000 American women. The results show that female video game characters at low levels of photorealism are systematically larger than the average American woman whereas female characters at the highest level of photorealism are systematically thinner. This study also found that games rated for children featured females that are thinner than characters in games rated for adults. These findings are discussed in terms of cultivation theory. 相似文献
218.
In this era of affirmative action, racial discrimination in the workplace has been studied widely. A common negligence of these studies is that they disregard the subject of skin-tone stratification, and present an analysis of discrimination based on treatment of Blacks and Whites (both as collective units); thereby overlooking a prevalent issue that has long existed in western culture—colorism. This study examined the influence of colorism on job selection, and discovered a significant preferential difference among Black applicants based on their skin complexion. The findings suggest that skin tone plays a considerable role in the favorability of a Black applicant; indicating that skin color is more salient and regarded more highly than one's educational background and prior work experience. 相似文献
219.
This research examines the mutual influence of race and victim drinking on college students' domestic violence attributions. Participants were 200, predominately White, middle-class college students. They read a vignette depicting a domestic violence incident. Manipulated within the vignette were batterer race, victim race, and victim drinking. After reading the vignette, participants completed a questionnaire concerning their perceptions of the domestic assault. Results indicate batterers in interracial relationships are attributed more guilt than batterers in same-race relationships. In addition, when domestic violence victims drink alcoholic beverages before a domestic assault, more responsibility for the assault is attributed to Black victims than to their White counterparts. Furthermore, domestic violence victims who drink alcohol are ascribed more blame and derogation in comparison to abstinent domestic violence victims. We examine these findings in relation to stereotypes and gender-role violations. Implications for actors involved in domestic violence are also discussed. 相似文献
220.
Victoria S. Harrison 《Sophia》2012,51(1):71-86
In our increasingly multicultural society there is an urgent need for a theory that is capable of making sense of the various
philosophical difficulties presented by ethical and religious diversity—difficulties that, at first sight, seem to be remarkably
similar. Given this similarity, a theory that successfully accounted for the difficulties raised by one form of plurality
might also be of help in addressing those raised by the other, especially as ethical belief systems are often inextricably
linked with religious belief systems. This article adumbrates a theory that is suitably sensitive to the challenge posed by
cultural diversity, and that is respectful of ethical and religious differences. The theory, called “internalist pluralism,”
provides a philosophical account of the widely differing claims made by religious believers resulting from the tremendous
diversity of belief systems, while simultaneously yielding a novel perspective on ethical plurality. Internalist pluralism
is based on Hilary Putnam’s theory of internal realism. This article is not concerned to defend internal realism against its
critics, although such defense is clearly required if the theory is to be adopted. Its more modest aim is to show that internal
realism has a distinctive voice to add to the current debate about how best to understand religious and ethical diversity. 相似文献