Nonverbal Encouragement of Participation in a Course: the Effect of Touching

Previous studies have shown that touching leads to positive behavior, particularly in an educational context. A new experiment was carried out in which students were encouraged to intervene in a course by demonstrating the solution of a statistical exercise on the blackboard. According to the experiment, students were or were not briefly touched on the forearm by the teacher during the corrective exercise. After that, the teacher asked his students to demonstrate the exercise on the blackboard. The results showed that touching increases the volunteers’ rate. Various explanations (familiarity, status and mood) were suggested to explain such results. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

政府转型与中国医疗服务体系的改革取向

在中国的医疗卫生服务领域,出现了市场失灵和政府失灵并存的现象.市场与政府双失灵造成的恶果是,无论是市场主导的还是政府主导的医疗卫生资源,都涌向城市、涌向经济发达地区;在农村地区,在经济落后地区,在城乡结合部,不仅高层次医疗卫生专业力量不足,设备不足,甚至连机构的数量也不足.针对这些问题,一种流行的解决思路是恢复医疗卫生服务的计划体制,但计划经济时代农村同样是缺医少药.正确而且唯一的改革道路,就是两条腿走路:第一条腿是全面放宽对社会资本进入医疗卫生服务领域的管制,为所有的医疗机构(不论民营还是公立,不论是非营利性还是营利性)创造一个公平竞争的制度环境;第二条腿是政府将新增公共资源更多地投入到市场不足的地方和市场失灵的领域,从而引导整个医疗卫生服务体系健康均衡地发展.     

精神分裂症患者平稳追踪眼动特点的研究

本文就精神分裂症患者平稳追踪眼动的特点,从生理心理学的观点进行了探讨。记录用眼电位图加以表示。研究表明:1)本病患者的平稳追踪眼动,主要以正弦波畸变或缺失为主,标志着患者有严重的追踪眼动障碍。2)不同病期和临床表现的患者,追踪眼动异常无显著差异。3)困难的眼追踪,提示本病患者有明显的视觉认知障碍和某种程度的注意缺陷。文中并就本病的发生机制进行了一些探讨。4)药物对实验结果有一定影响,但并不能改变疾病本身某种固有的病理特征。     

Psychometric appraisal of the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB) in France.

The present study was carried out in France to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB), a multidimensional measure of difficulty and distress in assertiveness that was originally developed in The Netherlands. This appraisal was conducted with a clinical sample (N = 166) and a general population sample (N = 150). The clinical series comprised 115 patients with social phobia and 51 patients with personality disorder, 28 of whom were of the avoidant type. Support was found for internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the French SIB. Compared to controls, both social phobics and patients with an avoidant personality disorder had significantly lower mean scores on all performance scales and significantly higher ones on all distress scales, with the social phobics occupying a position in between. Findings in relation to convergent and divergent validity were quite satisfactory. Sensitivity of the French SIB for detecting change was demonstrated in a subgroup of the clinical Ss who had undergone 15 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for underassertiveness.     

The filial piety complex: variations on the Oedipus theme in Chinese literature and culture

The Oedipus complex is central to Western tradition, but not to Chinese culture. Occurrence of oedipal themes in Chinese literature is almost negligible. This phenomenon seems to support a contra-Freud claim: that a theory of European origin, the Oedipus complex, is not universal to human experience in non-Western cultures. However, this article suggests that powerful moral repression may cause the Oedipus complex to undergo structural transformations in some cultures. Through studying a sample of Chinese literary and film representations, the author argues that the Oedipus complex in Chinese culture has been transformed into a filial piety complex. Some conceptual issues are considered from a cross-cultural perspective.     

今存汉文佛典用语同僧祐《出三藏记集》的矛盾

今存最早的汉文佛经目录<出三藏记集>记载了早期汉译佛经用语的特色与演变,但是,它的记载与今存早期佛经译文存在较多的矛盾.本文全面调查22组相关的翻译用语在<大正藏>中的使用情况,详细列举<出三藏记集>对翻译用语的记载同佛经译文实际用语之间不一致的几种表现,指出问题的关键所在,并探讨其产生原因,强调利用相关佛教文献时要注意避免其负面影响.     

A model-based approach to multivariate principal component regression: Selecting principal components and estimating standard errors for unstandardized regression coefficients

Principal component regression (PCR) is a popular technique in data analysis and machine learning. However, the technique has two limitations. First, the principal components (PCs) with the largest variances may not be relevant to the outcome variables. Second, the lack of standard error estimates for the unstandardized regression coefficients makes it hard to interpret the results. To address these two limitations, we propose a model-based approach that includes two mean and covariance structure models defined for multivariate PCR. By estimating the defined models, we can obtain inferential information that will allow us to test the explanatory power of individual PCs and compute the standard error estimates for the unstandardized regression coefficients. A real example is used to illustrate our approach, and simulation studies under normality and nonnormality conditions are presented to validate the standard error estimates for the unstandardized regression coefficients. Finally, future research topics are discussed.     

Why talk about sin? Luther's understanding of sin and hopeful sin-talk in the 21st century

For Luther talking about sin and the sinful nature of human beings has a strong pastoral significance. His emphasis on the “bondage” of the human will is tightly connected to his insistence on the human sinful condition, and our inability to choose to be or not to be held captive by sin. My conclusion is that it is indeed important to continue to talk about sin if the Christian discourse about God's forgiveness and grace is to make sense. Furthermore, I believe Luther's understanding of sin as misplaced trust, the distinction he makes between sin and sins, and his idea of a justified sinner can indeed make a significant contribution to a hopeful sin-talk within Christian communities today. It is, however, necessary to pay attention to Luther's historical context and to reevaluate his understanding of human nature and human sinfulness from a feminist critical perspective. The sin-concept has gradually been losing its relevance within Christian communities. Therefore the question: why should we continue to talk about sin? The aim of this article is to explore Luther's understanding of sin and human sinfulness, in order to find out if, and then how, he might prove helpful when it comes to the interpretation of the concept of sin in the 21st century. The focus is on Luther's pastoral writings in The Small and The Large Catechism (1529), together with his Smalcald Articles (1537).     

The second order approximation to sample influence curve in canonical correlation analysis

A second order approximation to the sample influence curve (SIC) in canonical correlation analysis has been derived in the literature. However, it does not seem satisfactory for some cases. In this paper, we present a more accurate second order approximation. As a particular case, the proposed method is exact for the SIC of the squared multiple correlation coefficient. An example is given. The authors are most grateful to the associate editor and three reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions which improved the presentation of the paper considerably. The first author was partly supported by a RGC earmarked research grant of Hong Kong.