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131.
Bennett P Wilkinson C Turner J Brain K Edwards RT Griffith G France B Gray J 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(3):234-241
This study identified levels of distress, and predictors of levels of distress, in women undergoing assessment for genetic
risk of breast/ovarian cancer based on their family history. It comprised a cohort study following 154 women who completed
questionnaires at entry into a cancer genetic assessment programme and following risk provision. Independent significant associates
of anxiety following risk provision were age, neuroticism, feeling hopeless about developing cancer, a perceived lack of control
over developing cancer, lack of a social confidant, and a coping response involving acceptance/resignation. Depression was
associated with age, neuroticism, feeling hopeless about developing cancer, lack of social confidant, and a coping response
involving acceptance/resignation. To avoid high levels of psychological morbidity in future cohorts undergoing cancer genetic
risk assessment, information should be given that emphasises that some degree of control over health outcomes through behaviour
change or increased surveillance is possible. 相似文献
132.
Sidney H. Griffith 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2008,19(1):5-16
Said Nursi (1876–1960) and Louis Massignon (1883–1962) were contemporaries. Both of them were men of God in whose lives dramatic turning points changed the direction of their thinking and led them to devote themselves to the cause of re-awakening the religious consciousness of the people of their time. This article explores the striking parallels in their personal journeys, offers a comparison of their leading ideas and describes the far-reaching effects their lives and works have had in their respective faith communities. The biographies of faithful witnesses in modern times in both Islam and Christianity have much to teach those of us in the twenty-first century who seek to find the way to a harmonious convivencia for our two, global faith communities. 相似文献
133.
Sue?FinchEmail author Geoff?Cumming Jennifer?Williams Lee?Palmer Elvira?Griffith Chris?Alders James?Anderson Olivia?Goodman 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(2):312-324
Geoffrey Loftus, Editor ofMemory & Cognition from 1994 to 1997, strongly encouraged presentation of figures with error bars and avoidance of null hypothesis significance
testing (NHST). The authors examined 696Memory & Cognition articles published before, during, and after the Loftus editorship. Use of figures with bars increased to 47% under Loftus’s
editorship and then declined. Bars were rarely used for interpretation, and NHST remained almost universal. Analysis of 309
articles in other psychology journals confirmed that Loftus’s influence was most evident in the articles he accepted for publication,
but was otherwise limited. An e-mail survey of authors of papers accepted by Loftus revealed some support for his policy,
but allegiance to traditional practices as well. Reform of psychologists’ statistical practices would require more than editorial
encouragement. 相似文献
134.
The purpose was to assess whether adoption of potentially dangerous skydiving gear and skydiving practices has led to an increase in fatalities. Beginning in the early 1990s, civilian skydivers began to utilize high performance parachutes that fly much faster and are much more responsive than older style parachutes. Also, skydivers began to fly these parachutes in a more aggressive manner. An analysis of data from the 507 skydiving fatalities in the USA between 1986 and 2001 indicated that this shift toward high performance parachutes and aggressive flying techniques was temporally associated with an increase in parachute-landing deaths. During the same time period, the total number of fatalities remained fairly stable. 相似文献
135.
This study examined disclosing sexual orientation at work for 220 gay men and 159 lesbians. Self-acceptance, the centrality of one's identity, how "out" one is to friends and family, employer policies, and perceived employer gay-supportiveness were associated with disclosure behaviors at work for gay/lesbian employees. Disclosing at work and working for an organization perceived to be more gay supportive was related to higher job satisfaction and lower job anxiety. Reactions of coworkers to gay or lesbian workers mediated the relationship between disclosure and gay/lesbian workers' job attitudes. Implications and solutions for management are discussed. 相似文献
136.
Gian Vittorio Caprara Guido Alessandri Marie S. Tisak Marinella Paciello Maria Giovanna Caprara Maria Gerbino Reid Griffith Fontaine 《欧洲人格杂志》2013,27(3):290-303
This paper examined empirically the value of a conceptual model in which emotional stability and agreeableness contribute to engagement in aggression and violence (EAV) indirectly through irritability, hostile rumination and moral disengagement. Three hundred and forty young adults (130 male and 190 female) participated in the study. The average age of participants was 21 at time 1 and 25 at time 2. Findings attested to the role of basic traits (i.e. agreeableness and emotional stability) and specific personality dispositions (i.e. irritability and hostile rumination) in predisposing to EAV and to the pivotal role of moral disengagement in giving access to aggressive and violent conduct. In particular, the mediational model attested to the pivotal role of emotional stability and agreeableness in contributing directly to both hostile rumination and irritability and indirectly to moral disengagement, and to EAV. Agreeableness and hostile rumination contribute to moral disengagement that plays a key role in mediating the relations of all examined variables with EAV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
137.
138.
We examined emotional responding to music after mood induction. On each trial, listeners heard a 30-s music excerpt and rated how much they liked it, whether it sounded happy or sad, and how familiar it was. When the excerpts sounded unambiguously happy or sad (Experiment 1), the typical preference for happy-sounding music was eliminated after inducing a sad mood. When the excerpts sounded ambiguous with respect to happiness and sadness (Experiment 2), listeners perceived more sadness after inducing a sad mood. Sad moods had no influence on familiarity ratings (Experiments 1 and 2). These findings imply that "misery loves company." Listeners in a sad mood fail to show the typical preference for happy-sounding music, and they perceive more sadness in music that is ambiguous with respect to mood. 相似文献
139.
Sumner JA Griffith JW Mineka S Rekart KN Zinbarg RE Craske MG 《Cognition & emotion》2011,25(1):183-192
This study investigated whether overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) predicts the course of depression in adolescents. As part of a larger longitudinal study of risk for emotional disorders, 55 adolescents with a past history of major depressive disorder or minor depressive disorder completed the Autobiographical Memory Test. Fewer specific memories predicted the subsequent onset of a major depressive episode (MDE) over a 16-month follow-up period, even when covarying baseline depressive symptoms. This main effect was qualified by an interaction between specific memories and chronic interpersonal stress: Fewer specific memories predicted greater risk of MDE onset over follow-up at high (but not low) levels of chronic interpersonal stress. Thus, our findings suggest that OGM, in interaction with chronic interpersonal stress, predicts the course of depression among adolescents, and highlight the importance of measuring interpersonal stress in OGM research. 相似文献
140.
Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) is an important cognitive phenomenon in depression, but questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms. The CaR-FA-X model (Williams et al., 2007) proposes three mechanisms that may contribute to OGM, but little work has examined the possible additive and/or interactive effects among them. We examined two mechanisms of CaR-FA-X: capture and rumination, and impaired executive control. We analysed data from undergraduates (N=109) scoring high or low on rumination who were presented with cues of high and low self-relevance on the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Executive control was operationalised as performance on both the Stroop Colour-Word Task and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Hierarchical generalised linear modelling was used to predict whether participants would generate a specific memory on a trial of the AMT. Higher COWAT scores, lower rumination, and greater cue self-relevance predicted a higher probability of a specific memory. There was also a rumination×cue self-relevance interaction: Higher (vs lower) rumination was associated with a lower probability of a specific memory primarily for low self-relevant cues. We found no evidence of interactions between these mechanisms. Findings are interpreted with respect to current autobiographical memory models. Future directions for OGM mechanism research are discussed. 相似文献