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271.
In her popular book on gender differences in communication, Deborah Tannen proposed that women and men interpret messages along different dimensions (intimacy and control) and that these differing interpretations make intersex communication difficult. In the present study, we contrasted Tannen's model with a more complex model that incorporated gender role as a factor that influences the interpretations of messages. Causal modeling of data from questionnaires (N = 192) administered to predominately European American university students revealed stronger support for a complex model than for the basic model. 相似文献
272.
It is an undeniable empirical fact that a human fetus is a member of the species homo sapiens from the moment of conception. There is thus an important sense in which it is a human being in itself, and not simply part of a pregnant woman's body, despite what defenders of abortion on demand might want us to think. It is also reasonable to suppose that all human beings, and thus human fetuses, are persons, with all that entails, but this is a metaphysical presupposition as opposed to an empirical fact, and is thus contentious. It is argued, however, that this should be of little comfort to the defenders of abortion, because the mere fact that human fetuses have an inherent tendency to become persons is sufficient reason to confer a moral status upon them, which renders abortion morally problematic at best. 相似文献
273.
274.
Helena M. Purkis Ottmar V. Lipp Mark S. Edwards Rebecca Barnes 《Motivation and emotion》2009,33(4):353-361
The arousal value of a stimulus influences its salience, whereby higher arousal should lead to faster processing. However,
in previous research, participants consistently made faster valence judgments for low arousal, pleasant stimuli than for high
arousal, pleasant stimuli. The speed of valence and arousal judgments for pictures and words were investigated in three experiments.
Valence judgments were faster for low arousal than for high arousal pleasant pictures and for high arousal than for low arousal
unpleasant pictures and words. Moreover, arousal judgments were faster for low arousal than high arousal pleasant and for
high arousal than low arousal unpleasant pictures and words. The current research confirms that the impact of valence and
arousal on processing speed does not reflect on the labels (valence versus arousal) used when recording speeded judgments.
Similarly to valence, stimulus arousal interacts differentially with the evaluation of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli producing
a processing advantage for high arousal, unpleasant stimuli but not high arousal, pleasant stimuli. 相似文献
275.
The authors summarize the growing body of empirical research literature in the area of psychology of religion that has been guided by attachment theory and indicate implications for counseling, including practical suggestions for case conceptualization, possible spiritual interventions, and ethical guidelines for practice. Attachment theory provides a fertile framework whereby counselors may conceptualize the religious experiences of Christian clients whose spirituality involves the belief in and relationship with a personal God. 相似文献
276.
Stewart CC Griffith HR Okonkwo OC Martin RC Knowlton RK Richardson EJ Hermann BP Seidenberg M 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(1):65-72
Recent theories have posited that the hippocampus and thalamus serve distinct, yet related, roles in episodic memory. Whereas the hippocampus has been implicated in long-term memory encoding and storage, the thalamus, as a whole, has been implicated in the selection of items for subsequent encoding and the use of retrieval strategies. However, dissociating the memory impairment that occurs following thalamic injury as distinguished from that following hippocampal injury has proven difficult. This study examined relationships between MRI volumetric measures of the hippocampus and thalamus and their contributions to prose and rote verbal memory functioning in 18 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Results revealed that bilateral hippocampal and thalamic volume independently predicted delayed prose verbal memory functioning. However, bilateral hippocampal, but not thalamic, volume predicted delayed rote verbal memory functioning. Follow-up analyses indicated that bilateral thalamic volume independently predicted immediate prose, but not immediate rote, verbal recall, whereas bilateral hippocampal volume was not associated with any of these immediate memory measures. These findings underscore the cognitive significance of thalamic atrophy in chronic TLE, demonstrating that hippocampal and thalamic volume make quantitatively, and perhaps qualitatively, distinct contributions to episodic memory functioning in TLE patients. They are also consistent with theories proposing that the hippocampus supports long-term memory encoding and storage, whereas the thalamus is implicated in the executive aspects of episodic memory. 相似文献
277.
Abbie J. Shipp Jeffrey R. Edwards Lisa Schurer Lambert 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009
Temporal focus is the attention individuals devote to thinking about the past, present, and future, and the concept is important because it affects how people incorporate perceptions about past experiences, current situations, and future expectations into their attitudes, cognitions, and behavior. However, temporal focus has not been clearly defined nor situated in a nomological network of constructs. In addition, existing measures of temporal focus suffer from various shortcomings. In this paper, we advance the concept of temporal focus by critically examining its conceptualization, developing a new measure of temporal focus (Temporal Focus Scale; TFS), and evaluating the validity (i.e., construct, convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity) of the TFS across four studies. We conclude that understanding how individuals focus their attention toward the past, present, and future clarifies their responses to explicit and implicit temporal information, which suggests that a variety of research streams would benefit from incorporating the concept of temporal focus. 相似文献
278.
Mitchell H. Peterson Richard L. Griffith Patrick D. Converse 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(4):373-386
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of applicant faking on personnel selection outcomes (fakers hired and hiring discrepancies) across single-predictor (conscientiousness alone) and multiple-predictor (combinations of conscientiousness and cognitive ability) selection methods. 相似文献279.
280.