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131.
Gregory J. Digirolamo Jason S. McCarley Arthur F. Kramer Harry J. Griffin 《Visual cognition》2013,21(1):68-89
Considerable debate surrounds the extent and manner that motor control is, like perception, susceptible to visual illusions. Using the Brentano version of the Müller-Lyer illusion, we measured the accuracy of voluntary and reflexive eye movements to the endpoints of equal length line segments that appeared different (Experiment 1) and different length line segments that appeared equal (Experiment 3). Voluntary and reflexive saccades were both influenced by the illusion, but the former were more strongly biased and closer to the subjective percept. Experiment 2 demonstrated that these data were the results of the illusion and not centre-of-gravity effects. The representations underlying perception and action interact and this interaction produces biases for actions, particularly voluntary actions. 相似文献
132.
Freezing of gait (FoG), a transient halt in walking, is a major mobility problem for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examined the factors that induce FoG, and identified the cues and strategies that help overcome it through a postal survey of 130 PD patients. 72% reported FoG. The factors that commonly induced FoG were turning, fatigue, confined spaces and stressful situations, in addition to emotional factors. FoG was also ameliorated by various attentional and external cueing strategies. The concept of paradoxical kinesis, the potential neural substrates of such external cueing effects, and their importance for rehabilitation in PD are discussed. 相似文献
133.
Keith D Huff Yukiko Asaka Amy L Griffin William P Berg Matthew A Seager Stephen D Berry 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》2004,39(1):16-23
Analysis of naturalistic chewing patterns may provide insight into mapping the neural substrates of jaw movement control systems, including their adaptive modification during the classically conditioned jaw movement (CJM) paradigm. Here, New Zealand White rabbits were administered food and water stimuli orally to evaluate the influence of stimulus consistency on masticatory pattern. Chewing patterns were recorded via video camera and movements were analyzed by computerized image analysis. The mandibular kinematics, specifically the extent of dorsal/ventral, medial/lateral, and rostral/caudal movement, were significantly larger in food-evoked than water-evoked chewing. Water-evoked chewing frequency, however, was significantly higher than that of food-evoked movements. In light of known cortical mastication modulatory centers, our findings implicate different neural substrates for the responses to food and water stimuli in the rabbit. A detailed delineation of jaw movement patterns and circuitry is essential to characterize the neural substrates of CJM. 相似文献
134.
In this article the constraints on identity change for a group of working class men experiencing long‐term unemployment in the UK is examined. Despite their lack of access to paid employment, these men continued to construct their gender identity around the breadwinner persona. The theoretical framework employed concepts from both Connell and Bourdieu. Based on discourse analysed data collected from a series of four loosely structured group discussions, it is argued here that these men had (i) less access to capital generally and (ii) reduced access to ‘useful’ types of capital resources. In other words, these groups of men have fewer resources to hand in constructing masculine identities that reflect the changing structural and ideological demands of the current social‐historical period. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
135.
This theoretical paper presents a person–environment fit framework that extends the Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment to retirement transition and adjustment. The proposed Retirement Transition and Adjustment Framework (RTAF) also accommodates dynamic intra-individual and environment change over time, configural combinations of variables, and an ecological perspective to psychological-level decisions. The RTAF permits the collection of frequently sampled longitudinal person and environment data, allows for a detailed analysis of change and responsiveness, and can accommodate external influences from the family team, and social, economic and political policies. The paper concludes by using the RTAF to illustrate the types of psychological measurement and analysis opportunities likely to emerge in light of developments in the web, virtual reality, personal informatics and computing and information technology generally. 相似文献
136.
This essay contrasts the notions of charity employed by Traditional Christianity and by liberal cosmopolitan bioethics, arguing that: (1) bioethics attempts to reconstruct the notion of charity in a manner that is caustic to the Traditional Christian moral vision, (2) Christians are, on the whole, more charitable than proponents of bioethics' reconstructed view (even given the standards of the latter), and (3) the theistically oriented conception of charity employed by Traditional Christianity cannot be expressed in bioethics' purportedly neutral public vocabulary. The upshot is that, in the name of neutrality and pluralism, liberal cosmopolitan bioethicists seek to impose an impoverished moral vocabulary that reflects liberal cosmopolitan ideology while excluding input from Traditional Christianity and other non-liberal-humanistic moral visions. 相似文献
137.
Kenneth W. Griffin Jessica Samuolis Christopher Williams 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):319-325
A growing body of literature suggests that parenting practices characterized by careful monitoring, firm and consistent limit
setting, and nurturing communication patterns with children are protective against adolescent substance use and other problem
behaviors. Family-based prevention programs that promote these behaviors can be an effective way to prevent adolescent substance
use. However, low participation rates remain problematic for many such programs, particularly programs that require parents
to attend scheduled meetings outside the home. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a newly developed
substance use prevention program when self-administered at home by parents of middle school students. As part of a randomized
trial, 338 parents of middle school students either received the parent prevention program or served as control group participants.
Parents completed self-report surveys at home that assessed parenting behaviors at pre-test, post-test, and one-year follow-up
time points. A series of mixed model ANCOVAs were conducted, examining the post-test and one-year follow-up means for the
parent outcomes, controlling for pre-test levels on these outcomes. Analyses showed that at the post-test assessment, intervention
parents reported significant increases relative to controls in appropriate role modeling, disciplinary practices, family communication,
and parental monitoring skills. At the one-year follow-up assessment, intervention effects on family communication skills
remained significant and effects on parental role modeling were marginally significant. This study shows that a theoretically
rich prevention program can be effectively self-administered by parents at home and improve key parenting skills that have
been shown to prevent adolescent substance use. 相似文献
138.
This article examines whether unrealistically viewing a romantic partner as resembling one's ideal partner accelerates or slows declines in marital satisfaction among newlyweds. A longitudinal study linked unrealistic idealization at the time of marriage to changes in satisfaction over the first 3 years of marriage. Overall, satisfaction declined markedly, a finding that is consistent with past research. However, seeing a less-than-ideal partner as a reflection of one's ideals predicted a certain level of protection against the corrosive effects of time: People who initially idealized their partner the most experienced no decline in satisfaction. The benefits of idealization remained in analyses that controlled separately for the positivity of partner perceptions and the possibility that better adjusted people might be in better relationships. 相似文献
139.
Subjects were shown photographs of UK MPs' faces and asked to judge their political affiliations. Participants were unable to correctly distinguish between Conservative and Labour politicians. However, their responses were used to create computer-generated idealised faces representative of each party, which independent evaluators could correctly identify. These faces give an indication of the mental images we might reference when imagining MPs from the two main UK political parties. 相似文献
140.
Dana Griffin Bryan C. Hutchins Judith L. Meece 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2011,89(2):172-181
Using data from a national study of rural high school youth, the authors examined where students go to receive information about their futures and which sources are most helpful. Results indicated that students in rural and low‐income schools were more likely to report going to teachers and found teachers to be most helpful compared with students in small town and higher income schools. Patterns of differentiation were also found on the basis of gender, ethnicity, and grade level. 相似文献