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511.
Many mental health service users engage in potentially therapeutic amateur music practice, though the role of this in the maintenance of mental health is largely unexplored. The application of psychoanalytic ideas to music-playing gives suggestions for how this activity could helpfully sublimate distress. For this study, six men who attend adult mental health services and play a musical instrument took part in three unstructured hour-long interviews. The material was analysed with a psychoanalytically informed method. Four inter-related themes emerged: ‘Left on the outside’; ‘Playing and linking’; ‘A beautiful gift to myself’; and ‘Frustrating play’. In the lives of these amateur musicians, music’s role as a transitional object and means of containing distress is explored. There is discussion of the narcissistic function of music and the dynamics around music as an exhibitionistic act. The value of paying attention to music in the life of a patient is considered. 相似文献
512.
Little research has examined how imagery effects learners' acquisition of motor tasks requiring coincident anticipation timing (CAT). CAT is a fundamental component of hitting, passing, and receiving required in several sports. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a PETTLEP imagery intervention on learners' CAT performance using a Bassin Anticipation Timer. Fifty-six participants (M = 20.61 years, SD = 2.48) were randomly assigned into one of four training groups: physical practice (PP), imagery practice (IP), imagery practice + physical practice (IP +PP), or a control (CON) group. The study consisted of three phases: pretest, intervention, and a posttest. Results revealed that the PP and IP+PP groups had significantly lower absolute timing error compared to the CON group on the posttest. The IP+PP group was the only group to have lower variable error compared to the CON group on the posttest. Results extend prior research by demonstrating that imagery combined with physical practice can benefit the learning of a CAT task and that imagery alone may not assist learners in acquiring tasks requiring CAT. Results are congruent with prior research demonstrating that imagery is most effective when combined with physical practice. 相似文献
513.
Animal Cognition - Understanding how organisms make transitive inferences is critical to understanding their general ability to learn serial relationships. In this context, transitive inference... 相似文献
514.
Greg Restall 《The Philosophical quarterly》2004,54(216):420-426
Stephen Neale takes theories of facts, truthmakers and non-extensional connectives to be threatened by triviality in the face of powerful 'slingshot' arguments. I rehearse the most powerful of these, and then show that friends of facts have sufficient resources not only to resist slingshot arguments but also to be untroubled by them. If a fact theory is provided with a model, then the fact theorist can be sure that this theory is secure from triviality arguments. 相似文献
515.
According to Timothy Williamson's epistemic view, vague predicates have precise extensions, we just don't know where their boundaries lie. It is a central challenge to his view to explain why we would be so ignorant, if precise borderlines were really there. He offers a novel argument to show that our insuperable ignorance ``is just what independently justified epistemic principles would lead one to expect'. This paper carefully formulates and critically examines Williamson's argument. It is shown that the argument does not explain our ignorance, and is not really apt for doing so. Williamson's unjustified commitment to a controversial and crucial assumption is noted. It is also argued in three different ways that his argument is, in any case, self-defeating – the same principles that drive the argument can be applied to undermine one of its premises. Along the way, Williamson's unstated commitment to a number of other controversial doctrines comes to light. 相似文献
516.
This paper questions the ethicality of commercial relationships between universities and external donors. By examining cases
such as technology transfer and the outside funding of research interests, we identify possible conflicts of interest between
the external provider of financial support and academic institutions. The reality today is that university administrators,
who have significant decision-making powers, proactively seek large corporate sources of funding that may compromise academic
values including academic freedom and the ability to make institutional decisions without the influence of commercial interests.
For example, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola have provided extensive funding to universities in return for exclusivity rights to
market their product on campuses even though such products may not be healthy alternatives to other soft drinks. Pharmaceutical
and biotechnology companies may have opposing interests to faculty and universities if the results of research do not meet
the expectations of the sponsors. Curricula issues may be slanted to promote the interests of a corporation or other provider
of outside funding. Corporate partnerships between universities and companies such as Nike raise ethical questions when students
or other members of the campus community object to the acceptance of financial support from a company that allegedly practices
anti-social labor practices in developing countries. On the other hand, corporate funding can be used to supplement diminishing
financial resources available to academic institutions, especially for public universities. One benefit of external funding
is that it supports pharmaceutical and technology-oriented research and development into new products and processes that have
the potential to serve the public good. One cost of such funding arrangements is that the acceptance of financial support
from commercial interests solely to market their products on campus restricts the choices available to students that should
exist in a free market economy such as in the U.S. The ethicality of the relationship between universities and commercial
interests is a matter of concern because of the potential influence of providers of external funds to universities that can
compromise academic freedom and objective decision making. 相似文献
517.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between supervisor and subordinate levels of emotional intelligence (EI) and leader–member exchange (LMX). Drawing on the similarity-attraction paradigm and behavioral integration theory, we propose that supervisor–subordinate EI similarity will play a prominent role in LMX development. 相似文献518.
Predicting preference for items during periods of extended access based on early response allocation
Rapp JT Rojas NC Colby-Dirksen AM Swanson GJ Marvin KL 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(3):473-486
Top‐ranked items were identified during 30‐min free‐operant preference assessments for 9 individuals. Data from each session were analyzed to identify the item (a) that was engaged with first in each session and (b) to which the most responding was allocated after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, and 25 min had elapsed in each session. The results indicated that the first‐engaged item and the 5‐min high‐allocation item predicted the top‐ranked item in 55% and 62% of the sessions, respectively. The results also showed that engagement with the top‐ranked item from the first session decreased across subsequent sessions for 6 of the 9 participants. The implications of the results for brief versus extended stimulus preference assessments are discussed. 相似文献
519.
520.
Anouk M. van Loon Wery P. M. van den Wildenberg Anda H. van Stegeren K. Richard Ridderinkhof Greg Hajcak 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(2):174-181
Emotional stimuli may prime the motor system and facilitate action readiness. Direct evidence for this effect has been shown
by recent studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). When administered over the primary motor cortex involved
in responding, TMS pulses elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the represented muscles. The amplitudes of these MEPs reflect
the state of corticospinal excitability. Here, we investigated the dynamic effects of induced emotions on action readiness,
as reflected by corticospinal excitability. Subjects performed a choice task while viewing task-irrelevant emotional and neutral
pictures. The pattern of MEP amplitudes showed a typical increase as the TMS pulse was presented closer in time to the imminent
response. This dynamic pattern was amplified by both pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli, but more so when unpleasant
pictures were viewed. These patterns present novel evidence in support of the notion that emotional stimuli modulate action
readiness. 相似文献