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941.
Ponterotto JG Costa-Wofford CI Brobst KE Spelliscy D Kacanski JM Scheinholtz J Martines D 《The Journal of social psychology》2007,147(2):119-135
The authors investigated the empirical relationship between K. I. van der Zee and J. P. van Oudenhoven's (2000, 2001) multicultural personality dispositions and C. D. Ryff's (1989b) dimensions of psychological well-being. The present sample included 270 students from one primarily graduate university and one primarily undergraduate university in the northeast region of the United States. Factor analysis indicated that a three-dimensional model of the multicultural personality was the best fit structure for the sample. Correlations between multicultural personality scores and psychological well-being scores were generally positive and in the predicted directions. However, the academic setting of the participants appeared to influence the pattern of relationships. The authors identified the multicultural personality as a promising construct for research across diverse psychology specialties. 相似文献
942.
943.
A concurrent-chain procedure was used to study pigeons' preferences as a function of amount of information. Pigeons chose between two terminal links. Both terminal links ended in food reinforcement with probability (p) and in blackout with probability (1–p). One terminal link (noninformative link) was signalled by a stimulus uncorrelated with either food or blackout. The other terminal link (informative link) was signalled by stimuli correlated with these outcomes. Amount of information conveyed by these stimuli was varied across conditions by changing the probability of reinforcement (p) and blackout (1–p). The pigeons strongly preferred the informative link, and preferences were greater at p values above 0.50 than for their complements. The pigeons engaged in different behaviors during the stimulus periods, suggesting that the value of informative stimuli may be in their function as discriminative stimuli for interim activities and terminal responses. 相似文献
944.
Reported estimates of the frequency difference limen (DL) for tones show considerable variability. To determine the extent that the differences are dependent on psychophysical method, three estimates of the DL at 1,000 Hz were obtained from the same subjects for each of three psychophysical procedures. The three estimates were: (1) the standard deviation of final settings in a methbd of adjustment, (2) the average of several reversals in an adaptive two-interval forced-choice procedure, and (3) the 76%-correct point in a two-interval forced-choice procedure using constant stimuli. The two forced-choice procedures yielded very similar DLs. The adjustment procedure yielded significantly smaller estimates. Possible reasons for the different values produced by adjustment procedures and the nature of the underlying decision process are discussed. 相似文献
945.
A dual-task follow-up investigation examined the influence of sample size and ideational complexity of cognitive tasks on lateralized effects. With a larger sample (n = 128), results showed a "manual dominance effect" for relaxed and paced nonideational vocalized tasks. A hierarchy of ideational verbal tasks yielded the expected lateralized effects which corresponded with increasingly greater interference in concurrent tapping, but not in strength of lateralized effect. Instead of a trend seen in the earlier work (Steiner, Green, & White, 1992), results revealed a significant difference between handedness groups for one complex spatial task. Finally, outcomes for the other spatial task highlight the importance of assessing tradeoffs in attention. 相似文献
946.
Summary Reaction times and the relative latency evaluated by the temporal-order-judgment method for two stimuli of different modalities (visual and auditory) were measured. The difference between reaction times for visual and auditory stimuli was about 40 ms. The relative latency was slightly shorter, however; in conflict with Rutschmann and Link's (1964) previous result, the auditory stimulus must be delayed to be perceived simultaneously with the visual one. 相似文献
947.
Joseph E. Steinmetz Ph.D. Jo Anne Tracy John T. Green 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(3):220-238
In this paper, we argue that the main reason that classical eyeblink conditioning has proven so useful when applied to clinical
situations, is that a great deal of information is known about the behavioral and neural correlates of this form of associative
learning. Presented here is a summary of three lines of research that have used classical eyeblink conditioning to study three
different clinical conditions; autism, fetal alcohol syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. While seemingly very different
clinical conditions, classical eyeblink conditioning has proven very useful for advancing our understanding of these clinical
pathologies and the neural conditions that may underlie them. 相似文献
948.
Mark Haselgrove Mike E. Le Pelley Navreen K. Singh Hui Qi Teow Richard W. Morris Melissa J. Green Oren Griffiths Simon Killcross 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(4):601-624
The relationship between learned variations in attention and schizotypy was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants low on a negative subscale of schizotypy exhibited an explicit bias in overt attention towards stimuli that were established as predictive of a trial outcome, relative to stimuli that were irrelevant. The same participants also showed a bias in learning about these stimuli when they presented in a novel context. Neither of these effects was observed in participants high in schizotypy. In Experiment 2, participants low on the negative subscale of schizotypy exhibited faster reaction times towards a target that was cued by a stimulus that had a history of predictive validity relative to a stimulus that had a history of irrelevance. Again, this effect was not present in participants high in schizotypy. These results imply a disruption in the normal allocation of attention to cues that have predictive significance in schizotypy. 相似文献
949.
950.
Animals exposed to standard concurrent variable-ratio variable-interval schedules could maximize overall reinforcement rate if, in responding, they showed a strong response bias toward the variable-ratio schedule. Tests with the standard schedules have failed to find such a bias and have been widely cited as evidence against maximization as an explanation of animal choice behavior. However, those experiments were confounded in that the value of leisure (behavior other than the instrumental response) partially offsets the value of reinforcement. The present experiment provides another such test using a concurrent procedure in which the confounding effects of leisure were mostly eliminated while the critical aspects of the concurrent variable-ratio variable-interval contingency were maintained: Responding in one component advanced only its ratio schedule while responding in the other component advanced both ratio schedules. The bias toward the latter component predicted by maximization theory was found. 相似文献