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381.
The authors examined the hypothesis that people forecast a longer duration of uniquely human secondary emotions for their in-group than for an out-group. The authors conducted a field experiment in the setting of the European soccer championship. They asked Belgian participants to forecast the intensity with which their in-group Belgian fans or the out-group Turkish fans would experience various primary and secondary emotions in response to their team's victory or loss immediately after the Turkey-Belgium match and three days later. The results support the hypothesis. Moreover, and as the authors expected, they found no differences in the participants' forecasts of primary emotions. The authors discussed the implications of these findings for intergroup relations in general and for soccer fans' behavior in particular. 相似文献
382.
Lacroix GL Constantinescu I Cousineau D de Almeida RG Segalowitz N Grünau Mv 《Brain and cognition》2005,57(2):115-119
The goal of this study was to evaluate the possibility that dyslexic individuals require more working memory resources than normal readers to shift attention from stimulus to stimulus. To test this hypothesis, normal and dyslexic adolescents participated in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation experiment (Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992). Surprisingly, the result showed that the participants with dyslexia produced a shallower attentional blink than normal controls. This result may be interpreted as showing differences in the way the two groups encode information in episodic memory. They also fit in a cascade-effect perspective of developmental dyslexia. 相似文献
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384.
Roche B Barnes-Holmes Y Barnes-Holmes D Stewart I O'Hora D 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》2002,25(1):75-91
Recent developments in the analysis of derived relational responding, under the rubric of relational frame theory, have brought several complex language and cognitive phenomena within the empirical reach of the experimental analysis of behavior. The current paper provides an outline of relational frame theory as a new approach to the analysis of language, cognition, and complex behavior more generally. Relational frame theory, it is argued, also provides a suitable paradigm for the analysis of a wide variety of social behavior that is mediated by language. Recent empirical evidence and theoretical interpretations are provided in support of the relational frame approach to social behavior. 相似文献
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Alexander Pollatsek Denis Drieghe Linnaea Stockall Roberto G. de Almeida 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(1):88-94
Many trimorphemic words are structurally and semantically ambiguous. For example, unlock-able can either be un-lockable (cannot be locked) or unlock-able (can be unlocked). Which interpretation is preferred and whether the preceding sentence context affects the initial interpretation
is not clear from prior research. The present experiment embedded ambiguous trimorphemic words in sentence contexts, manipulated
whether or not preceding context disambiguated the meaning, and examined the pattern of fixation durations on the ambiguous
word and the remainder of the text. The results indicated that the unlock-able interpretation was preferred; moreover, preceding context did not exert a significant effect until the eyes had initially
exited from the target word. 相似文献
389.
Kin recognition is a complex cognitive process, where an individual should detect a phenotypic cue and compare it to an internal
template, which might be genetically determined (i.e., innate or acquired). Kin recognition mechanisms will depend on whether
previous encounters with kin are possible or not to form the individual internal template. When relatives have never met before,
kin recognition is supposed to rely on recognition alleles (which allows the innate recognition of relatives bearing them),
or on self-referent phenotype matching (the individual has formed a template using its own phenotype and recognizes as kin
individuals which match it closely enough). Although self-referent phenotype matching is in theory the more likely explanation,
it has not been possible so far to exclude experimentally the recognition alleles’ hypothesis. Here, we report that kin recognition
in the solitary parasitoid larvae of Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae) is suppressed following carbon dioxide anesthesia or chill-coma, both treatments known to cause
a temporary amnesia. Treated larvae superparasitize indifferently hosts parasitized either by siblings or by non-kin larvae,
while untreated larvae avoid hosts occupied by siblings. The two types of anesthesia thus suppress kin recognition, but their
global effect on larvae is different. Chill-coma suppresses the ability to distinguish parasitized from unparasitized hosts
and reduces parasitism rate, suggesting an aspecific impairment of sensory receptors or cognition. However, carbon dioxide
narcosis only impairs kin recognition, strongly suggesting that an intact memory is necessary for kin recognition to take
place. Although this study does not address the recognition alleles’ hypothesis per se, our results strongly support a self-referent
phenotype matching mechanism. On the whole, kin recognition in A. bilineata larvae is effective through short-term memory, because it is affected by amnesic treatments. 相似文献
390.