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191.
Margaret M. Harvey Timothy J. Petersen Julia C. Sager Nita J. Makhija-Graham Edward C. Wright Erika L. Clark Lauren M. Laifer Lauren K. Richards Louis K. Chow Louisa G. Sylvia René M. Lento Laura K. Harward Joan Clowes Valerie Brathwaite Laura K. Lakin Noah D. Silverberg Grant L. Iverson Eric Bui Naomi M. Simon 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2019,26(2):323-334
Post-9/11 service members may return from military service with a complicated set of symptoms and conditions, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, substance misuse, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), that interfere with reintegration and impair functioning. Although evidence-based treatments that facilitate recovery exist, their successful delivery at a sufficient dose is limited. Barriers to accessing treatment combined with challenges compiling a comprehensive treatment team further delay delivery of effective evidence-based care for PTSD, TBI, and co-occurring mental health conditions. This paper describes the development of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, 2-week intensive day program for post-9/11 veterans with complex mental health concerns. The treatment program combines skill building groups, family education, and integrative health approaches with evidence-based individual PTSD or TBI care. Initial results from the first 132 participants were notable for a 97% completion rate, as well as statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD, neurobehavioral, and depression symptom severity for the 107 veterans who completed the PTSD track and the 21 who completed the TBI track. These data suggest the intensive program approach is an effective, well-tolerated model of treatment for post-9/11 veterans with PTSD and/or TBI. Future controlled studies should examine the effectiveness of this intensive model compared to standard evidence-based therapy delivery, as well as longitudinal outcomes. 相似文献
192.
Post-Traumatic Reactions in Adolescents: How Well Do the DSM-IV PTSD Criteria Fit the Real Life Experience of Trauma Exposed Youth? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the structure and symptom specific patterns of post traumatic distress in a sample of 1,581 adolescents who reported exposure to at least one traumatic event. Symptom reporting patterns are consistent with past literature in that females reported more symptoms than males and older youth reported more symptoms than did their younger peers. Young people reporting exposure to exclusively violent type traumas were also found to be more likely to endorse symptoms than peers exposed exclusively to non violent type traumas. Confirmatory factor analysis provided stronger support for a four-factor model of PTSD than either the DSM-IV model or an alternate model. Further examination of the four factor model revealed gender differences in factor loadings with small to moderate effect sizes for recurrent, distressing memories, flashbacks, restricted affect, difficulty remember details, detachment, limited future orientation, hypervigilance and startle symptoms. Differences in factor loadings with the four factor model were also noted between younger and older adolescents, with medium to large effect sizes on the arousal items. In contract, comparison of the factor loadings revealed only small differences between youth exposed exclusively to violent traumatic stressors and those exposed exclusively to non violent traumatic stressors, suggesting relative similarity between these two groups. 相似文献
193.
Visual illusions often appear to have a larger influence on subjective judgments than on visuomotor behavior. Although this
effect has been taken as evidence for multiple estimates of stimulus size in the visual brain, dissociations between subjective
judgments and visuomotor measures can frequently be reconciled with a singleestimate model. To circumvent this difficulty,
we used state-trace analysis in a pair of experiments to examine the effects of the Müller-Lyer illusion on subjective length
estimates, voluntary saccade amplitudes, and reflexive saccade amplitudes. All dependent measures were affected by the illusion.
However, state-trace analyses revealed nonmonotonic relationships among all three variables, a pattern inconsistent with the
possibility of a single underlying estimate of stimulus size. 相似文献
194.
Caperchione CM Duncan MJ Mummery K Steele R Schofield G 《Psychology, health & medicine》2008,13(2):168-179
This research examines (a) the interrelationships between body mass index (BMI), the direct measures of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and physical activity intention and (b) the potential mediation effects of the direct measures of the TPB in the relationship between BMI and physical activity intention in a sample of Australian adults. A total sample of 1,062 respondents participated in a computer-assisted telephone-interview (CATI) survey comprised of a standardised introduction; questions regarding TPB and physical activity; and standard demographic questions. BMI for each participant was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Separate regression analyses were performed to examine the mediating effects of each of the direct measures of the TPB on the predictive relationship between the BMI and physical activity intention, as proposed by Baron and Kenny (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173 - 1182, 1986). Findings indicated that the direct measure of attitude and perceived behavioural control mediated the relationship between BMI and physical activity intention. However, the direct measure of subjective norm failed to act as a mediating mechanism. To date there has been no research that has examined the mechanism by which body mass may affect physical activity behaviour. Given the current focus for health promotion specialists on promoting physical activity as a strategy for reducing overweight and obesity, a theoretical understanding of weight-related barriers to physical activity may aid in the development of future interventions and community physical activity programs, particularly those targeting overweight and obese populations. 相似文献
195.
The significance of task significance: Job performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Grant AM 《The Journal of applied psychology》2008,93(1):108-124
Does task significance increase job performance? Correlational designs and confounded manipulations have prevented researchers from assessing the causal impact of task significance on job performance. To address this gap, 3 field experiments examined the performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions of task significance. In Experiment 1, fundraising callers who received a task significance intervention increased their levels of job performance relative to callers in 2 other conditions and to their own prior performance. In Experiment 2, task significance increased the job dedication and helping behavior of lifeguards, and these effects were mediated by increases in perceptions of social impact and social worth. In Experiment 3, conscientiousness and prosocial values moderated the effects of task significance on the performance of new fundraising callers. The results provide fresh insights into the effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions of task significance, offering noteworthy implications for theory, research, and practice on job design, social information processing, and work motivation and performance. 相似文献
196.
Lisa R. Grimm W. Todd Maddox Grant C. Baldwin 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(3):920-927
Motivation affects the degree to which people engage in tasks as well as the processes that they bring to bear. We explore the proposal that a fit between a person’s situationally induced self-regulatory focus and the reward structure of the task that they are pursuing supports greater flexibility in processing than does a mismatch between regulatory focus and reward structure. In two experiments, we prime regulatory focus and manipulate task reward structure. Our participants perform a rule-based learning task whose solution requires flexible strategy testing as well as an information-integration task for which flexible strategy use hinders learning. Across two experiments, we predict and obtain a three-way interaction between regulatory focus, reward structure, and task. Relative to a mismatch, a match leads to better rule-based task performance, but worse performance on the information-integration task. We relate these findings to other work on motivation and choking under pressure. 相似文献
197.
Brent W. Roberts Jacqui Smith Joshua J. Jackson Grant Edmonds 《Psychological science》2009,20(5):553-559
ABSTRACT— The present study tested the effect of conscientiousness and neuroticism on health and physical limitations in a representative sample of older couples ( N = 2,203) drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. As in past research, conscientiousness predicted better health and physical functioning, whereas neuroticism predicted worse health and physical functioning. Unique to this study was the finding that conscientiousness demonstrated a compensatory effect, such that husbands' conscientiousness predicted wives' health outcomes above and beyond wives' own personality. The same pattern held true for wives' conscientiousness as a predictor of husbands' health outcomes. Furthermore, conscientiousness and neuroticism acted synergistically, such that people who scored high for both traits were healthier than others. Finally, we found that the combination of high conscientiousness and high neuroticism was also compensatory, such that the wives of men with this combination of personality traits reported better health than other women. 相似文献
198.
Advances in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have dramatically improved survival rates over the past
10 years, but HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain highly prevalent and continue to represent a significant
public health problem. This review provides an update on the nature, extent, and diagnosis of HAND. Particular emphasis is
placed on critically evaluating research within the realm of cognitive neuropsychology that aims to elucidate the component
processes of HAND across the domains of executive functions, motor skills, speeded information processing, episodic memory,
attention/working memory, language, and visuoperception. In addition to clarifying the cognitive mechanisms of HAND (e.g.,
impaired cognitive control), the cognitive neuropsychology approach may enhance the ecological validity of neuroAIDS research
and inform the development of much needed novel, targeted cognitive and behavioral therapies.
The research described was supported by MH73419 and MH62512 from the National Institutes of Health. The views expressed in
this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department
of Defense, nor the United States Government. 相似文献
199.
We studied attitudes toward restoring a pastor following a moral failure using an experimental design. Sixty undergraduates (43 women, 17 men) read a narrative in which a pastor admitted to an adulterous affair with a congregant. Following exposure to one of four conditions formed by the two levels of two independent variables, a self-interest condition (pastoral counseling referral) and a group discussion condition, participants provided their forgiveness and restoration to ministry ratings. After adjusting for participant gender, we found a significant main effect for group discussion and the interaction of self-interest and group discussion. We discussed the possible implications for group and self-interest factors when considering pastoral restoration. 相似文献
200.