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851.
Juliana Onwumere Elizabeth Kuipers Catherine Gamble Suzanne Jolley Ben Smith Rebecca Rollinson Craig Steel David Fowler Paul Bebbington Graham Dunn Daniel Freeman Philippa Garety 《Journal of Family Therapy》2009,31(3):270-283
The efficacy of family interventions in psychosis is well documented. UK and USA schizophrenia treatment guidelines advocate the practice of family interventions within routine clinical services. However, less attention has been paid to the study of treatment fidelity and the tools used in its assessment. This study reports the inter-rater reliability of a new scale: Family Intervention in Psychosis-Adherence Scale (FIPAS). This measure is designed to assess therapist adherence to the Kuipers et al . (2002) family intervention in psychosis treatment manual. Reliability ratings were based on a sample of thirteen audiotapes drawn from a randomized controlled trial of family intervention. The results indicated that the majority of items of the FIPAS had acceptable levels of inter-rater reliability. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the training and monitoring of the effectiveness of practitioners for family interventions in psychosis. 相似文献
852.
Kerry Lynn H. MacSwain Simon B. Sherry Sherry H. Stewart Margo C. Watt Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos Aislin R. Graham 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):938-943
Health anxiety (HA) involves persistent worry about one’s health and beliefs one has an illness or may contract a disease. In the present study, gender differences in Noyes et al.’s (2003) interpersonal model of health anxiety (IMHA) were examined. Using a sample of 950 undergraduates (674 women; 276 men), multigroup confirmatory factor analyses suggested the measurement model for key dimensions of the IMHA (i.e., reassurance-seeking, alienation, worry, and absorption) were invariant across gender. This suggests key dimensions of this model are applicable to and generalizable across women and men. Coefficients alpha for and bivariate correlations between these IMHA dimensions were also roughly comparable across women and men. As hypothesized, mean levels of reassurance-seeking and worry were significantly higher in women compared to men. No gender differences were observed in mean levels of alienation or absorption. Reassurance-seeking and worry appear salient in the interpersonal behavior and emotional life of women with HA. The present study helps to clarify gender differences in the IMHA and other HA models involving similar variables. 相似文献
853.
Previous research has shown that we recognize faces similar in age to ourselves better than older or younger faces (e.g.,
Wright & Stroud, 2002). This study investigated whether this own-age bias could be explained by the contact hypothesis used to account for the own-race bias (see Meissner & Brigham, 2001). If the own-age bias stems from increased exposure to
people of our own age, it should be reduced or absent in those with higher exposure to other age groups. Participants were
asked to remember facial photographs of 8- to 11- and 20- to 25-year-olds. Undergraduates were faster and more accurate at
recognizing faces of their own age. However, trainee teachers showed no such own-age bias; they recognized the children’s
faces more quickly than own-age faces and with comparable accuracy. These results support a contact-based explanation of the
own-age bias. 相似文献
854.
Cooperation versus competition in a mass emergency evacuation: A new laboratory simulation and a new theoretical model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John Drury Chris Cocking Steve Reicher Andy Burton Damian Schofield Andrew Hardwick Danielle Graham Paul Langston 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(3):957-970
Virtual reality technology is argued to be suitable to the simulation study of mass evacuation behavior, because of the practical
and ethical constraints in researching this field. This article describes three studies in which a new virtual reality paradigm
was used, in which participants had to escape from a burning underground rail station. Study 1 was carried out in an immersion
laboratory and demonstrated that collective identification in the crowd was enhanced by the (shared) threat embodied in emergency
itself. In Study 2, high-identification participants were more helpful and pushed less than did low-identification participants.
In Study 3, identification and group size were experimentally manipulated, and similar results were obtained. These results
support a hypothesis according to which (emergent) collective identity motivates solidarity with strangers. It is concluded
that the virtual reality technology developed here represents a promising start, although more can be done to embed it in
a traditional psychology laboratory setting. 相似文献
855.
Peter J. Graham 《Synthese》2007,158(1):19-39
Radical skepticism about the external implies that no belief about the external is even prima facie justified. A theoretical reply to skepticism has four stages. First, show which theories of epistemic justification support
skeptical doubts (show which theories, given other reasonable assumptions, entail skepticism). Second, show which theories
undermine skeptical doubts (show which theories, given other reasonable assumptions, do not support the skeptic’s conclusion).
Third, show which of the latter theories (which non-skeptical theory) is correct, and in so doing show that all of the rival
theories of justification, skeptical and non-skeptical alike, are mistaken. Fourth, explain why skeptical doubts are sometimes
(or sometimes merely seem) intuitive, and thereby accommodate skeptical doubts without capitulation. Michael Williams has
pioneered the very idea of a theoretical reply. A theoretical diagnosis consists in just the first two stages. An adequate
reply, which is correct at each stage, would rebut the skeptic entirely. Williams’ own reply, I argue, is inadequate. I offer
in its place an exhaustive and accurate diagnosis of skepticism. I distinguish four kinds of skepticism and five theories
of justification. I then show which theories do, and which theories do not, support which kinds of skepticism. 相似文献
856.
Final-syllable invariance is characteristic of diminutives (e.g., doggie), which are a pervasive feature of the child-directed speech registers of many languages. Invariance in word endings has been shown to facilitate word segmentation (Kempe, Brooks, & Gillis, 2005) in an incidental-learning paradigm in which synthesized Dutch pseudonouns were used. To broaden the cross-linguistic evidence for this invariance effect and to increase its ecological validity, adult English speakers (n=276) were exposed to naturally spoken Dutch or Russian pseudonouns presented in sentence contexts. A forced choice test was given to assess target recognition, with foils comprising unfamiliar syllable combinations in Experiments 1 and 2 and syllable combinations straddling word boundaries in Experiment 3. A control group (n=210) received the recognition test with no prior exposure to targets. Recognition performance improved with increasing final-syllable rhyme invariance, with larger increases for the experimental group. This confirms that word ending invariance is a valid segmentation cue in artificial, as well as naturalistic, speech and that diminutives may aid segmentation in a number of languages. 相似文献
857.
A version of Sternberg's (1966) short-term visual memory recognition paradigm with pictures of unfamiliar faces as stimuli was used in three experiments to assess the applicability of the distinctiveness-based SIMPLE model proposed by Brown, Neath, and Chater (2002). Initial simulations indicated that the amount of recency predicted increased as the parameter measuring the psychological distinctiveness of the stimulus material (c) increased and that the amount of primacy was dependent on the extent of proactive interference from previously presented stimuli. The data from Experiment 1, in which memory lists of four and five faces varying in visual similarity were used, confirmed the predicted extended recency effect. However, changes in visual similarity were not found to produce changes in c. In Experiments 2 and 3, the conditions that influence the magnitude of c were explored. These revealed that both the familiarity of the stimulus class before testing and changes in familiarity, due to perceptual learning, influenced distinctiveness, as indexed by the parameter c. Overall, the empirical data from all three experiments were well fit by SIMPLE. 相似文献
858.
Graham Richards 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2007,43(2):222-223
859.
860.
Graham Oppy 《Sophia》2007,46(3):295-304
Millican (Mind 113(451):437–476, 2004) claims to have detected ‘the one fatal flaw in Anselm’s ontological argument.’ I argue that there
is more than one important flaw in the position defended in Millican (Mind 113(451):437–476, 2004). First, Millican’s reconstruction of Anselm’s argument does serious violence to the original text.
Second, Millican’s generalised objection fails to diagnose any flaw in a vast range of ontological arguments. Third, there
are independent reasons for thinking that Millican’s generalised objection is unpersuasive. 相似文献