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931.
This exploratory study sought to determine whether selected religion-related factors differentiated between 86 patients with
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 73 patients with panic disorder, and 292 patients with other psychiatric (non-anxiety)
disorders. A standard history questionnaire was used to obtain information from patients concerning religion of origin, involvement
in religious activities, religious conflict, and perceived religiousness of parents. It was found that the percentage of patients
who reported experiencing religious conflict was significantly higher for the OCD group than for the other two groups. Other
findings suggested associations between Catholicism and OCD and between Protestantism and panic disorder, but further research
is needed to clarify these relationships.
This article is based on a paper presented at the 98th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Boston,
August 1990. 相似文献
932.
Samples of college students from three states (Ohio, New Hampshire, Illinois) rated 390 idioms on familiarity of their figurative
meanings. The Illinois samples also rated the likelihood of encountering the idioms’ literal meanings. Results suggested some
modest regional differences in idiom familiarity, and consistent with Popiel and McRae (1988), the likelihood of encountering
an idiom’s literal meaning is relatively independent of the familiarity of its figurative meaning. The 314 idioms rated by
more than 75% of the subjects are listed with the idioms’ familiarity ratings, as are the 20 most and least familiar idioms
for each of the three states. The 248 idioms rated by at least 75% of the Illinois subjects and the idioms’ figurative and
literal ratings are also presented. 相似文献
933.
This study investigated the differential influence of hypnotic susceptibility level on signal detection task (SDT) performance
in waking and hypnotic conditions. As assessed by the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS: A) and
the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS: C), 20 high (9–12), 20 medium (4–8), and 20 low (0–3) hypnotizables
participated. In counterbalanced conditions of waking and hypnosis, Ss (Subjects) were given 36 signal detection trials, consisting
of 12 strong signals, 12 weak signals, and 12 “no” signals. No differences were observed in the waking condition between low,
medium, and high hypnotizables on strong and weak signal trials. In hypnosis, high hypnotizables exhibited significantly superior
performance on the strong signal trials in comparison with low hypotizables, and performed significantly better on the weak
signal trials than did the low and medium hypnotizables. Low and medium hypnotizables performed similarly in waking and hypnotic
conditions, while high hypnotizables showed significant enhancements in performance for strong and weak signal trials during
hypnosis.
This research was supported, in part, by a grant from Fort Hays State University. 相似文献
934.
Shawn Seybert Ed.S. Professor Director Glen Dunlap Ph.D. Jolenea Ferro Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1996,6(1):49-65
This investigation was conducted in an effort to systematically extend the emerging data base having to do with choice-making opportunities and the behavior of students with disabilities. In particular, the current analyses examined the effects of choice-making on the problem behavior and task engagement of three high school students with intellectual disabilities as the students performed domestic and vocational activities. Multiple baseline and reversal designs demonstrated that the choice conditions reduced problem behaviors and increased task engagement for all participants. Data having to do with student affect and task productivity were less consistent. The findings on the relationship between choice making and problem behavior replicate and extend a growing literature on the desirable effects of choice-making for individuals with disabilities. The results are discussed in terms of recent developments in behavioral support, as well as the need for ongoing conceptual and applied research. 相似文献
935.
936.
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938.
Resurgence has been shown in human and nonhuman operant behavior, but not in derived relational responses. The present study examined this issue. Twenty-three undergraduates were trained to make conditional discriminations in a three-choice matching-to-sample paradigm. The training resulted in three equivalence classes, each consisting of four arbitrarily configured visual stimuli. The same 12 stimuli were then reorganized, and the conditional discrimination training was repeated such that three new classes were possible. In a subsequent test of derived relations, most subjects showed response patterns that were consistent with the altered conditional discriminations. Subjects were then exposed to conditional discrimination trials under extinction. Most subjects continued to respond consistently with the most recently reinforced conditional discrimination trials. During the next phase, subjects were exposed to symmetry and equivalence trials. Responses consistent with the most recent training produced feedback saying that the responses were incorrect, whereas other responses produced no feedback. Most subjects showed a resurgence of responding that was consistent with their earlier training. Finally, subjects were exposed to conditional discrimination trials carried out in extinction. Most subjects continued to show a resurgence of responding that was consistent with their early training. 相似文献
939.
Effects of D-amphetamine on response acquisition with immediate and delayed reinforcement. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The present study examined in 8-hour sessions the effects of d-amphetamine (1.0, 5.6, and 10 mg/kg) on the acquisition of lever-press responding in rats that were exposed to procedures in which water delivery was delayed by 0, 8, or 16 seconds relative to the response that produced it. Both nonresetting- and resetting-delay conditions were studied. Although neither shaping nor autoshaping occurred, substantial levels of operative-lever responding developed under all conditions in which responses produced water. The lowest dose (1.0 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine either had no effect on or increased operative-lever pressing, whereas higher doses typically produced an initial reduction in lever pressing. Nonetheless, overall rates of operative-lever pressing at these doses were as high as, or higher than, those observed with vehicle. Thus, response acquisition was observed under all reinforcement procedures at all drug doses. In the absence of the drug, most responding occurred on the operative lever when reinforcement was immediate. Such differential responding also developed under both nonresetting- and resetting-delay procedures when the delay was 8 seconds, but not when it was 16 seconds. d-Amphetamine did not affect the development of differential responding under any procedure. Thus, consistent with d-amphetamine's effects under repeated acquisition procedures, the drug had no detrimental effect on learning until doses that produced general behavioral disruption were administered. 相似文献
940.
Within-session changes in responding during concurrent schedules with different reinforcers in the components. 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
F K McSweeney S Swindell J N Weatherly 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1996,66(3):369-390
Rats and pigeons responded on several concurrent schedules that provided different reinforcers in the two components (food and water for rats, Experiment 1; wheat and mixed grain for pigeons, Experiment 2). The rate of responding and the time spent responding on each component usually changed within the session. The within-session changes in response rates and time spent responding usually followed different patterns for the two components of a concurrent schedule. For most subjects, the bias and sensitivity to reinforcement parameters of the generalized matching law, as well as the percentage of the variance accounted for, decreased within the session. Negative sensitivity parameters were sometimes found late in the session for the concurrent food-water schedules. These results imply that within-session changes in responding could cause problems for assessing the validity of quantitative theories of concurrent-schedule responding when the components provide different reinforcers. They question changes in a general motivational state, such as arousal, as a complete explanation for within-session changes in responding. The results are compatible with satiation for, or sensitization-habituation to, the reinforcers as explanations. 相似文献