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161.
Recent evidence suggests that spatial frequency (SF) processing of simple and complex visual patterns is flexible. The use of spatial scale in scene perception seems to be influenced by people's expectations. However as yet there is no direct evidence for top-down attentional effects on flexible scale use in scene perception. In two experiments we provide such evidence. We presented participants with low- and high-pass SF filtered scenes and cued their attention to the relevant scale. In Experiment 1 we subsequently presented them with hybrid scenes (both low- and high-pass scenes present). We observed that participants reported detecting the cued component of hybrids. To explore if this might be due to decision biases, in Experiment 2, we replaced hybrids with images containing meaningful scenes at uncued SFs and noise at the cued SFs (invalid cueing). We found that participants performed poorly on invalid cueing trials. These findings are consistent with top-down attentional modulation of early spatial frequency processing in scene perception. 相似文献
162.
Christine Aubrey 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(1):141-143
Rudi Dallos (1997) Interacting Stories: Narratives, Family Beliefs, and Therapy, London: Karnac Books, $18.95 相似文献
163.
Connine, Blasko, and Hall (Journal of Memory and Language 30:234–250, 1991) suggested that within a 1-second temporal window, subsequent biasing information can influence the identification of a previously spoken word. Four experiments further explored this hypothesis. Our participants heard sentences in which an ambiguous target word was followed less than or more than a second later by a word biased in favor of either the target word or another word. Overall, the effects of the contextual biases on responding, measured using phonemic restoration and phoneme identification, were almost as large after 1 second as before 1 second. The implications of these results for defining the window of contextual effects are discussed. 相似文献
164.
Doris Rajagopal Elizabeth Mackenzie Christine Bailey Risa Lavizzo-Mourey 《Journal of religion and health》2002,41(2):153-166
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a spiritually-based intervention in the alleviation of subsyndromal anxiety and minor depression in an elderly population. Twenty-two residents of six continuing care communities diagnosed with minor depression participated in this study. There was a significant decrease in anxiety and a trend toward decreased depression. In addition, participants who continued to use the Prayer Wheel had a decrease in depression scores, while those who did not had an increase in depression scores. These findings suggest that use of the Prayer Wheel may promote psychological well-being among older adults. 相似文献
165.
Coping with stress is a major focus for chemically dependent persons in relapse prevention programs. The relationships among
coping and psychological distress were investigated in 71 men with substance use disorders, at both pre—and post-treatment.
It was predicted that low task-oriented coping, high emotion-oriented coping, and high avoidance-oriented coping would predict
psychological distress (e.g., anxiety and depression). It was also expected that use of task-oriented coping would increase
following treatment and that use of emotion-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping, and reported levels of psychological
distress would all decrease following treatment. Participants completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and
the General Health Questionnaire, took part in an intensive treatment program (e.g., relaxation, drug education, stress management)
and completed these questionnaires again following treatment. Results indicated that high emotion-oriented coping predicted
hypochondriasis, anxiety and depression. Task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping did not predict psychological distress,
although task-oriented coping was negatively related to hypochondriasis, anxiety and depression. The results regarding change
in coping styles and levels of psychological distress were as hypothesized, except that avoidance-oriented coping did not
significantly change following treatment. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed. 相似文献
166.
Christine Bennetts 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2003,31(3):305-323
This is an account of some of the learning experiences of mature students undertaking a Level 2 Diploma course in Person-Centred Counselling over four terms in a higher education establishment in England. The central question driving this research stemmed from a desire to understand the student experience of becoming professional. Therefore the question was that of qualitative inquiry: ‘What are the experiences of mature learners on person-centred counselling courses within higher education?’ This paper discusses students’ perceptions of training and the ways in which they evaluate their status as professionals. 相似文献
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169.
Spatial training has been only modestly effective at improving the performance of adolescents and adults on the water-level task. Based on previous findings with the task, a self-discovery training procedure was developed that involved having participants proceed from easier to more difficult problems along a dimension of increasingly greater competing perceptual cues. The training was effective in (a) eliminating the gender differences on the drawing task, and (b) significantly improving females' knowledge of the physical (invariance) principle, although not to the level of males. Training effects did not transfer to a related spatial task. 相似文献
170.
Female singers were recorded singing a song in a high and/or a low range. Infants preferred to listen to the higher-pitched versions, suggesting that infants' preference for infant-directed singing and speech is mediated in part by a preference for higher pitch. 相似文献