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61.
Helping Callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Who Are at Imminent Risk of Suicide: Evaluation of Caller Risk Profiles and Interventions Implemented 下载免费PDF全文
Madelyn S. Gould PhD MPH Alison M. Lake MA Jimmie Lou Munfakh BA Hanga Galfalvy PhD Marjorie Kleinman MS Caitlin Williams BA Andrew Glass MS Richard McKeon PhD MPH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(2):172-190
Crisis lines are settings where identifying individuals at imminent risk of suicidal behavior and intervening to keep them safe are critical activities. We examined clinical characteristics of crisis callers assessed by telephone crisis helpers as being at imminent risk of suicide, and the interventions implemented with these callers. Data were derived from 491 call reports completed by 132 helpers at eight crisis centers in the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline network. Helpers actively engaged the callers in collaborating to keep themselves safe on 76.4% of calls and sent emergency services without the callers' collaboration on 24.6% of calls. Four different profiles of imminent risk calls emerged. Caller profiles and some helper characteristics were associated with intervention type. Our findings provide a first step toward an empirical formulation of imminent risk warning signs and recommended interventions. 相似文献
62.
Stephen J. Gould 《Sex roles》1987,16(5-6):215-225
This study assesses gender differences in self-consciousness traits and advertising responses across a sample of adult Americans. The results indicate that there are gender differences in public self-consciousness and social anxiety, with the effects particularly pronounced for younger females. Younger females also recalled more television commercials than other male and female groups. The social implications of these findings are considered. 相似文献
63.
Sam Gould 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1979,14(2):209-223
Job complexity was measured for jobs in a Public Agency. Perceptions of job complexity were obtained from self-reports of 133 employees. Independent measures were obtained from interviews with the subjects. Career stages, based upon age groupings, were found to moderate the relationship between (1) job-satisfaction and perceived job complexity and (2) job-performance and independently rated job complexity. These results are discussed in light of the current literature. 相似文献
64.
Karen L. Gould William L. Coventry Richard K. Olson Brian Byrne 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(2):251-263
Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, emerging evidence suggests symptoms are associated with interactions between genes and the environment (GxE) during development. This study tested whether heritability of ADHD symptoms is moderated by two environmental factors: socioeconomic status (SES) and chaos (household disorganisation). A population sample of 520 twin pairs (N = 1040, 52.3% female) from 6 to 15 years completed measures of behavior and home environment. Structural equation modelling was then used to test whether environmental factors were associated with a change in the extent to which genes explain variability in ADHD symptoms. Neither chaos nor SES moderated heritability, with consistent contributions from both genes and environment indicated across socioeconomic strata and levels of chaos. This finding contrasts with those of previous research, underlining the need to replicate results in the emerging field of GxE research across different populations and statistical methods. Robust findings may assist in developing targeted interventions for genetically vulnerable individuals. 相似文献
65.
Recent research has suggested an important role for spatial attention in reading, however the nature of this influence is unclear. Further, it has been shown that intention to engage in linguistic processing can enhance lexical processing. Therefore, we developed a novel paradigm to examine the impact of spatial attention on primed and unprimed lexical processing. In a lexical decision task, targets were preceded by a cue to lexical access and spatial location simultaneously. Results indicated that on spatially valid trials, the lexical cuing effect was large and word processing was enhanced, suggesting that spatial attention influences lexical access. On spatially invalid trials, lexical cuing effects were significantly decreased, resulting in a spatial cuing by lexical cuing interaction. Results from this experiment provide evidence that spatial attention interacts with lexical access during word processing. This novel paradigm provides a new avenue for exploring the relations between spatial attention and reading processes. 相似文献
66.
Dervic K Gould MS Lenz G Kleinman M Akkaya-Kalayci T Velting D Sonneck G Friedrich MH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2006,36(5):539-552
The prevalence of suicide risk factors and attitudes about suicide and help-seeking among New York and Viennese adolescents were compared in order to explore possible cross-cultural differences. Viennese adolescents exhibited higher rates of depressive symptomatology than their New York counterparts and had more first-hand experience with suicidal peers. More attribution of suicide to mental illness was reported in Vienna; yet Viennese youth were less likely than New York adolescents to recognize the seriousness of suicide threats. Help-seeking patterns of Viennese adolescents were influenced by their setting a high value on confidentiality. These cross-cultural differences may reflect the limited exposure of Austrian youth to school-based suicide prevention programs. The findings highlight the need of taking the sociocultural context into consideration in the planning of youth suicide prevention strategies. 相似文献
67.
Gould JB 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2006,60(3):263-273
This essay suggests ways in which spiritual resources--healing stories, psalms of lament and reassurance, rituals, and meditative practices--can be used to foster emotional and spiritual healing for people, such as the adult children of missionaries, who have experienced disrupted relationships with parents during childhood. 相似文献
68.
Honey bee cognition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J L Gould 《Cognition》1990,37(1-2):83-103
The visual memory of honey bees is stored pictorially. Bees will accept a mirror-image reversal of a familiar pattern in the absence of the original, but prefer the original over the reversal; the matching system of bees, therefore, does not incorporate a mirror-image ambiguity. Bees will not accept a rotation of a familiar vertical pattern, but readily recognize any rotation of a horizontal pattern; the context-specific ability to make a mental transformation seems justified by natural contingencies. Bees are able to construct and use cognitive maps of their home area, though it is possible to create conditions under which they lack useful cues. Other experiments suggest that recruits, having attended a dance in the hive specifying the distance and direction of a food source, can evaluate the "plausibility" of the location without leaving the hive; this suggests a kind of imagination. 相似文献
69.
What-where-when (WWW) memory during cache recovery was investigated in six Clark’s nutcrackers. During caching, both red-
and blue-colored pine seeds were cached by the birds in holes filled with sand. Either a short (3 day) retention interval
(RI) or a long (9 day) RI was followed by a recovery session during which caches were replaced with either a single seed or
wooden bead depending upon the color of the cache and length of the retention interval. Knowledge of what was in the cache
(seed or bead), where it was located, and when the cache had been made (3 or 9 days ago) were the three WWW memory components
under investigation. Birds recovered items (bead or seed) at above chance levels, demonstrating accurate spatial memory. They
also recovered seeds more than beads after the long RI, but not after the short RI, when they recovered seeds and beads equally
often. The differential recovery after the long RI demonstrates that nutcrackers may have the capacity for WWW memory during
this task, but it is not clear why it was influenced by RI duration. 相似文献
70.
This article alerts us to consider depression as a relatively frequent cause of impasse in the course of group psychotherapy. The authors recommend the combined use of antidepressant medication along with group psychotherapy when such depression is confirmed independently outside the group. Common obstacles and pitfalls preventing successful combined treatment are reviewed; the depressive logjam is differentiated from common resistance; and profiles of responders versus nonresponders are described. A rationale of the combined treatment, its results, and implications for group therapists are all delineated. 相似文献