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961.
Recent research has found visual object memory can be stored as part of a larger scene representation rather than independently of scene context. The present study examined how spatial and nonspatial contextual information modulate visual object memory. Two experiments tested participants’ visual memory by using a change detection task in which a target object's orientation was either the same as it appeared during initial viewing or changed. In addition, we examined the effect of spatial and nonspatial contextual manipulations on change detection performance. The results revealed that visual object representations can be maintained reliably after viewing arrays of objects. Moreover, change detection performance was significantly higher when either spatial or nonspatial contextual information remained the same in the test image. We concluded that while processing complex visual stimuli such as object arrays, visual object memory can be stored as part of a comprehensive scene representation, and both spatial and nonspatial contextual changes modulate visual memory retrieval and comparison. 相似文献
962.
Gordon L. Shulman 《Visual cognition》2013,21(1):3-65
Abstract Five experiments examined the ability of observers to control the direction of rotation of parallel (Experiments 1–4) and polar (Experiment 5) projections of transparent objects using a control strategy based on the idea that attended surfaces are given front/convex default interpretations. Experiments 1 and 2 measured observers' degree of control and evaluated the role of attention in the control strategy. Experiment 3 examined whether attentional constraints limit the use of the strategy with dual rotating objects. Experiment 4 measured control with unambiguous stimuli in which the direction of rotation was specified by occlusion or proximity luminance covariance, and Experiment 5 measured the control of structure (rigid, non-rigid) as well as motion by examining the control of rotating displays presented in polar perspective. The General Discussion evaluates several hypotheses concerning the nature and rationale of an attentional bias in surface interpretation. 相似文献
963.
This paper examines the relevance of both client and counsellor conceptions of the ‘good life’ in relation to a narrative analysis of the first session of a case of successful client-centred therapy.In this opening session, the client embeds her ‘problem’ story within contrasting cultural narratives of what it means to live a good life. The therapist discourse also consistently draws upon a therapeutic meta-narrative that conveys an implicit story of how to live life well. This material is discussed from the perspective of the concept of ‘strong evaluation’ offered by the philosopher CharlesTaylor.Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
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966.
Phyllis A. Gordon David Feldman Gene Griffing Sharon L. Bowman 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2013,18(4):239-249
For many persons who were diagnosed with polio years ago, late effect symptoms were not anticipated. They believed they had gone through the more severe ramifications of the illness and were unaware that additional problems could occur. Currently, there are hundreds of thousands of persons in the United States who are experiencing significant difficulties with old symptoms and are also developing new physical and emotional difficulties. Unfortunately, little research has looked at the ways counselors can assist this population.Therefore, the purposes of this study were to identify the physical and emotional problems confronting persons with postpolio and to help counselors gain an understanding of issues they feel might be most appropriate to address in therapy sessions. 相似文献
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968.
In 2 prism adaptation experiments, the authors investigated the effects of limb starting position visibility (visible or not visible) and visual feedback availability (early or late in target pointing movements). Thirty-two students participated in Experiment 1 and 24 students participated in Experiment 2. Independent of visual feedback availability, constant error was larger and variable error was smaller for target pointing when limb starting position was visible during prism exposure. Independent of limb starting position visibility, aftereffects of prism exposure were determined by visual feedback availability. Those results support the hypothesis that calibration is determined by limb starting position visibility, whereas alignment is determined separately by visual feedback availability. 相似文献
969.
Norman B. Gordon 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(2):149-161
75 apparatus-naive undergraduate Ss were assigned to one of five groups differentiated according to training display associated with a modified rotary pursuit (RP) apparatus. Performance of two control groups, one practicing an unaided reference task and the other a pathmarked RP task, was compared with that of groups that received either path-marked or mechanically guided practice during training, and where path-marked and mechanical guidance display was removed during transfer. It was found that the path-marked display produced superior results only during initial stages of practice, and retarded improvement in performance after transfer to the reference task. Mechanical guidance resulted in better performance on the path-marked condition than the unaided RP task, but in both cases performance dropped upon transfer. The results are discussed in the light of hypothesized learning strategies influenced by different training conditions. 相似文献
970.
Kate Gordon Moore 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(2):169-178
This study attempted to check, in an authoritarian culture, Ray's hypothesis that there is no relationship between authoritarian behavior and authoritarian attitudes. Scales measuring these two variables were administered to 38 white Afrikaans-speaking South African college men and women (average age 20.74 years). The correlation between the two scales was -.21 which is not significant. The results were therefore seen as a confirmation of Ray's hypothesis. 相似文献