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101.
María Luisa Martín-Ruíz Celia Fernández-Aller Eloy Portillo Javier Malagón Cristina del Barrio 《Science and engineering ethics》2018,24(4):1057-1076
EDUCERE (Ubiquitous Detection Ecosystem to Care and Early Stimulation for Children with Developmental Disorders) is a government funded research and development project. EDUCERE objectives are to investigate, develop, and evaluate innovative solutions for society to detect changes in psychomotor development through the natural interaction of children with toys and everyday objects, and perform stimulation and early attention activities in real environments such as home and school. In the EDUCERE project, an ethical impact assessment is carried out linked to a minors’ data protection rights. Using a specific methodology, the project has achieved some promising results. These include use of a prototype of smart toys to detect development difficulties in children. In addition, privacy protection measures which take into account the security concerns of health data, have been proposed and applied. This latter security framework could be useful in other Internet of Things related projects. It consists of legal and technical measures. Special attention has been placed in the transformation of bulk data such as acceleration and jitter of toys into health data when patterns of atypical development are found. The article describes the different security profiles in which users are classified. 相似文献
102.
Antonio M. Espín Dolores Moreno-Herrero José Sánchez-Campillo José A. Rodríguez Martín 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2018,19(2):443-469
Mounting evidence shows that people’s self-reported life satisfaction (LS) is negatively related to income inequality. Under the interpretation that the relationship between macro-level variables and LS reflects individuals’ social preferences, this finding indicates that most people display inequality-averse preferences. We explore the relationship between self-reports on inequality aversion and LS in a citywide representative survey/experiment conducted in Spain. If self-reported well-being can be used to infer people’s social preferences, LS should correlate negatively with both “envy” and “compassion” scores (i.e., how much one suffers from disadvantageous and advantageous inequality, respectively). We find that LS relates negatively to envy but positively to compassion, which would imply that suffering from observing poorer others, paradoxically, increases well-being. Using an incentivized Dictator Game as a measure of generous behavior, we reject the hypothesis that the positive link between compassion and LS is actually driven by generosity. We discuss how these findings could indicate that the way LS is used to assess social preferences in the population should be revised. 相似文献
103.
Faraj A. Santirso Manuel Martín-Fernández Marisol Lila Enrique Gracia Elena Terreros 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2018,18(2):152-161
The working alliance is a key element to increase intimate partner violence (IPV) offenders’ motivation, adherence to treatment, and active participation in batterer intervention programs (BIPs). The objective of the present study is to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory–Observer Short Version (WAI-O-S) with a sample of IPV offenders. The sample was 140 men convicted for IPV and court-mandated to a community-based BIP. Inter-rater agreement and reliability were evaluated by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient. To test the latent structure a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis approach was used. To test criterion-related validity, the WAI-O-S factorial scores were correlated to protherapeutic behavior, stage of change and motivation to change. The WAI-O-S showed an adequate reliability. Results from Bayesian confirmatory factor analyses showed two first-order factors (Bond and Agreement), and a second-order factor (General working alliance) explaining the relationship between the first-order factors. Results also support the validity of this instrument. The availability of reliable and valid observational measure of the working alliance provides a useful tool to overcome self-report measurement limitations such as social desirability, deception, and denial among IPV offenders. 相似文献
104.
Martínez MP Sánchez AI Miró E Medina A Lami MJ 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):380-391
This study examined the relationship between several cognitive-affective factors of the fear-avoidance model of pain, the
big five model of personality, and functional impairment in fibromyalgia (FM). Seventy-four FM patients completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20, the Pain Vigilance
and
Awareness Questionnaire, and the Impairment and Functioning Inventory. Results indicated that the cognitive-affective factors of pain are differentially associated with personality traits. Neuroticism
and conscientiousness were significant predictors of pain catastrophizing, and neuroticism, openness, and agreeableness were
significant predictors of pain anxiety. Personality traits did not contribute significantly to vigilance to pain. The effect
of neuroticism upon pain anxiety was mediated by pain catastrophizing, and neuroticism showed a trend to moderate the relationship
between impairment and pain anxiety. Results support the fear-avoidance model of pain. Implications of the findings for the
understanding and management of FM are discussed. 相似文献
105.
106.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish mobile phone industry to determine how mobile phone companies and certain
institutions can improve protection for children who use mobile phones. We carried out a multivariate statistical analysis
using anonymous primary data from mobile phone companies, and institutions and associations that protect children, to compare
these stakeholders’ opinions and to put forward solutions. We proved that, even though some European countries have made an
effort to provide safer ICT services, all stakeholders still need to cooperate and agree on solutions to the commercial problems
associated with children using mobile phones. This can be done by signing codes of conduct. We found that even though some
companies implement measures to protect children from accessing harmful content via their mobile phones, they do so for reasons
of legal and not social responsibility. 相似文献
107.
Manolo Mart��nez 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2011,10(1):67-90
Representationalist theories of phenomenal consciousness have problems in accounting for pain, for at least two reasons. First
of all, the negative affective phenomenology of pain (its painfulness) does not seem to be representational at all. Secondly,
pain experiences are not transparent to introspection in the way perceptions are. This is reflected, e.g. in the fact that
we do not acknowledge pain hallucinations. In this paper, I defend that representationalism has the potential to overcome
these objections. Defenders of representationalism have tried to analyse every kind of phenomenal character in terms of indicative contents. But there is another possibility: Affective phenomenology, in fact, depends on imperative representational content. This provides a satisfactory solution to the aforementioned difficulties. 相似文献
108.
Goñi J Arrondo G Sepulcre J Martincorena I Vélez de Mendizábal N Corominas-Murtra B Bejarano B Ardanza-Trevijano S Peraita H Wall DP Villoslada P 《Cognitive processing》2011,12(2):183-196
Semantic memory is the subsystem of human memory that stores knowledge of concepts or meanings, as opposed to life-specific experiences. How humans organize semantic information remains poorly understood. In an effort to better understand this issue, we conducted a verbal fluency experiment on 200 participants with the aim of inferring and representing the conceptual storage structure of the natural category of animals as a network. This was done by formulating a statistical framework for co-occurring concepts that aims to infer significant concept-concept associations and represent them as a graph. The resulting network was analyzed and enriched by means of a missing links recovery criterion based on modularity. Both network models were compared to a thresholded co-occurrence approach. They were evaluated using a random subset of verbal fluency tests and comparing the network outcomes (linked pairs are clustering transitions and disconnected pairs are switching transitions) to the outcomes of two expert human raters. Results show that the network models proposed in this study overcome a thresholded co-occurrence approach, and their outcomes are in high agreement with human evaluations. Finally, the interplay between conceptual structure and retrieval mechanisms is discussed. 相似文献
109.
110.
A variety of clinical and experimental data suggest that many individuals who report abusive and traumatic experiences also report a wide array of dissociative and other psychopathological symptoms. In this study, 198 Puerto Rican undergraduate students participated in a study to examine the possible relationship between different types of traumatic experiences and the self-report of dissociative experiences, depressive symptoms, and general psychopathology. Another aspect of this study was the examination of the psychometric properties of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) in a Latino sample. Results supported the hypothesis that those individuals who reported frequent and severe traumatic experiences were also the most likely to experience psychological malaise and scored higher on the DES. Of interest was the finding that the psychometric characteristics of the DES are consistent with those reported in the United States and other countries. The authors conclude that individuals with a marked history of trauma and abuse are more likely to use dissociative defenses as a coping response. 相似文献