Role conflict and ambiguity of CEOs in international joint ventures: a transaction cost perspective

Insights from transaction cost economics were used to study the boundary conditions underlying the role conflict and ambiguity of 265 CEOs in Chinese-based international joint ventures. Role conflict and ambiguity were lower when the contract between parents was more complete. Contract completeness fully mediated the effects of parent objective gap and parent formalization on role ambiguity but only partially so in the case of role conflict. Role conflict was lower when the foreign parent was dominant in the venture but higher when the local parent was dominant. Role conflict and ambiguity were inversely related to cultural distance. Neither construct had a detrimental effect on international joint venture performance. Implications for role theory are discussed.     

Attentional bias toward emotional stimuli in accidentally injured Chinese patients with different posttraumatic growth levels

Extensive evidence has been obtained that supports an association between an attentional bias (AB) toward negative stimuli and vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology, little is known regarding the characteristics of individual AB in different posttraumatic growth (PTG) levels. The current study used a modified dot-probe task to investigate if individual differences in AB towards either positive or negative emotional stimuli, are related to self-reported PTG. A sample of 202 patients completed the experiment. Patients with low levels of PTG did not exhibit AB toward negative or positive stimuli, patients with medium levels of PTG had difficulty disengaging attention from negative stimuli, patients with high levels of PTG had difficulty disengaging attention from positive stimuli. And the AB towards positive stimuli was only predictive for PTG. An implication of this finding is that there are different characteristics of implicit cognitive processing in patients with different levels of PTG, suggesting the necessity of psychological intervention on the accidentally injured patients.     

宋代学者论“轻重”

和前代相比,宋代学者对《管子》＂轻重＂内容的分析,更为深入细致;对＂轻重＂的总体评价与年代作者的认识,也发生了变化。宋代学者对＂轻重＂近乎一致的否定评价,受到当时理学思想的直接影响;他们对＂轻重＂著作年代与作者的辨伪,与当时的疑古思潮密切相关。     

英语语法规则获得与迁移的智力技能研究

选取451名高中生为被试,以强调句型语法为研究内容,采取教师教学、产生式规则和专家思维编制的实验材料,探讨了英语语法规则获得早、中期阶段促进规则获得的手段。在前面实验的基础上,选取298名高中生,以定语从句为研究内容,运用产生式规则、专家思维和练习编制的不同学习材料,采取随机区组设计,探讨了英语语法规则获得后期阶段的智力技能研究。通过研究得到如下结论：在语法规则获得的早中期阶段,产生式样例有助于学生智力技能的获得,同时也有助于所获得技能的迁移;在智力技能获得的后期阶段,专家样例有利于学生形成专家头脑中的图式,有助于学生实现有关智力技能的自动化。     

传统齐鲁文化与当代山东书风

从先齐的东夷族到春秋战国,优越的地理环境下相对发达的社会经济催生了相对先进的传统齐鲁文化,它影响了齐鲁书家的文化选择和书法实践,促使古代山东属地成为中国书法的重镇,也促使古代山东书法地域风格的形成,它超时空的丰厚思想内容和润物无声的文化穿透力,也同样影响了建国后当代山东书法地域风格的形成和发展。     

生态危机的多维分析与新发展观的建构

本文分析了生态危机的文化根源,试图从新的视野来审视和重构自然、生产力、企业和发展等一系列传统概念,重建生态经济持续发展的新的哲学观.     

汉英双语者语言产生与理解过程中的切换研究

分别用图片命名和词汇判断的方法考察了汉英双语者的语言切换过程.实验一发现,当被试分别用英语和汉语对图片进行命名时,只有汉语出现了切换代价,而英语没有出现.在实验二中,当被试进行词汇判断时,切换代价的模式发生了根本的变化,只有英语出现了切换代价,而汉语没有出现.研究表明,双语者语言产生与理解中语言切换的认知过程有本质的差异.