试析管仲的改革思想与实践

管仲任相伊始便以其卓越的胆识,对齐国的政治、经济、军事等进行了全方位的改革。管仲政治改革的主要内容是:"四民分业定居"、"叁其国而伍其鄙"和加强君主的权柄等方面。管仲的经济改革主要表现在土地制度的改革、农业税收的改革以及工商业的改革等方面。管仲的军事改革主要包括寄军于政、甲兵赎罪以及军事训练、战略战术等方面。管仲的改革思想及实践不仅见效于当时,而且对当代社会依然有着很大的启迪与借鉴价值。     

Impact of Ethnic Identity and Ethnic Relevance of Health Information on Asian Americans' Preferences for E‐Health Agents

Ethnic identity tends to predict same‐ethnicity preference. However, very little research has tested the impact of ethnic identity across messages that bear distinct relevance with different groups. In Experiment 1, Asian American participants read 4 pieces of disease‐related information presented by 2 Asian and 2 White agents on a computer. Both strong and weak ethnic identifiers gave higher credibility ratings of the agents when the agents' ethnicity matched with ethnic relevance of the information. Experiment 2 assessed ethnicity preference by allowing participants to choose agents for 4 healthy‐food Websites and also found the agent–information matching pattern. Ethnic identity did not have an effect. The findings are discussed within a framework that contrasts a social‐identity orientation and an external‐content orientation.     

社区卫生服务中心手术功能的经济学研究

社区卫生服务中心是否应当保留或设置手术功能。调研南京市社区卫生服务中心手术功能科室的成本—效益和费用,及医院和社区卫生服务中心费用的不同。大多数中心设置外科手术功能,能维持成本;3甲医院、综合医院单病种手术平均住院费用明显高于社区卫生服务中心。社区卫生服务中心保留基本的手术功能是符合社区居民需求和社区卫生服务自身发展需要的。     

宗教与考古的精彩交融——《中国道教考古》首发式侧记

半个多世纪以来,随着田野考古的大规模开展,我国陕西、河南、河北、山西、山东、甘肃、新疆、青海、四川、重庆、贵州、湖北、湖南、江西、江苏、上海、安徽、福建、广东、广西等地发现和出土了数以千计的与古代道教活动有关的汉代至明代道教遗存,如镇墓瓶、斗瓶、镜、剑、印章、钱币、道教造像碑、石刻、买地券、镇墓文、镇墓石、简牍、写纸、陶瓷器、金银器、药物、烧炼用具设备等遗物,以及宫观建筑、摩崖造像、壁画、墓葬等遗迹,种类繁多,内容复杂,数量巨大。这些道教遗存,有的主要分布于南方地区,有的则只见于北方地区,有的在南方地区和…     

学习能力倾向测验的现状与思考

本文介绍了学习能力倾向测验的历史和发展现状,包括学习能力倾向测验的起源、编制特点、应用价值,并对几个相关问题进行了讨论。     

想象膨胀范式下错误记忆的老化效应

通过2个实验探究想象膨胀范式下老年人的错误记忆特点及其认知机制。实验1采用经典想象膨胀实验范式, 考察老年人是否会产生比年轻人更大的想象膨胀错误记忆效应; 实验2引入情景特异性诱导技术, 进一步考察老年人的想象膨胀错误记忆可能的认知机制。研究结果表明：(1)老年人与年轻人均表现出显著的想象膨胀错误记忆, 但老年人并没有比年轻人产生更多的错误记忆; (2)当通过情景特异性诱导技术有效增加了老年人在事件想象过程中的内在细节数量后, 老年人的错误记忆显著上升。该结果揭示对事件情景的想象过程是想象膨胀错误记忆发生的关键环节, 老年人没有表现出明显的老化效应, 主要是由于该群体随年龄增长表现出在回忆/想象情景事件时内部细节缺乏这一特征所致。研究结果支持了建构性情景模拟假说和激活/监测理论。     

哈贝马斯关于卢梭人民主权思想的再阐释

在西方近代政治思想史上,以洛克为代表的自由主义与以卢梭为代表的共和主义是一道双峰对峙的亮丽风景.罗尔斯通过复活古典契约论的传统,重新焕发了以洛克为代表的自由主义的生命力.然而,卢梭的共和主义思想即人民主权论中所具体的专制主义倾向,则使得他的思想长期以来遭到人们的否认.人们认为,在自由主义思想史上,卢梭的重要性在于他所提出的整体主义和集权主义思想.而哈贝马斯依据现代政治的发展,以话语商谈理论阐释卢梭的人民主权论思想,使其重新成为现代民主正义的重要资源.这是哈贝马斯对当代政治理论的一个重要贡献.     

论道义论与功利论的一个根本区分:正当与善何者优先

道义论与功利论是当代西方规范伦理学的两种基本理论形态.两者的区分可以以正当与善何者优先来界定.一般来说,强调正当优先于善,并不以善来界定正当的理论是道义论理论,而以善优先于正当,并以善来规定正当的理论是功利论理论.     

Purple sweet potato color repairs d-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulating the expression of synaptic proteins

Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins used to color food (E163), has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory. The effect of PSPC on the spatial learning and memory of mice treated with d-galactose (d-gal) was evaluated by the Morris water maze; d-gal-treated mice had decreased performance compared with mice in the vehicle and PSPC groups, while the PSPC + d-gal group showed significantly shortened escape latency to platform, increased swimming speed, more target quadrant search time and more platform crossings as compared with the d-gal group. Brain functions, such as memory formation and recovery of function after injury, depend on proper regulation of the expression levels of the pre- and post-synaptic proteins. We investigated the expression of four pre-synaptic proteins (growth-associated protein-43, synapsin-I, synaptophysin, and synaptotagmin) and two post-synaptic proteins (post-synaptic density protein-95 and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, respectively, in response to different treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that there were significant decreases in the expression of these representative synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Interestingly, these decreased expression levels of synaptic proteins could be reversed by PSPC. The levels of expression of these representative synaptic proteins in mice treated with PSPC alone were not significantly different from those in untreated mice. The results of this study suggested that memory impairment and synaptic protein loss in d-gal-treated mice may be improved by treatment with PSPC.     

婚姻家庭道德的实证研究何以可能

为了更客观真实地揭示婚姻家庭道德状况,婚姻家庭道德研究必然要选择实证性的研究方法,实证研究必须从婚姻家庭道德意识层面深入到婚姻家庭道德行为事实的层面,同时,还需要基于婚姻家庭道德行为事实建构一套切实且具有可操作性的指标体系。