Attentional bias toward emotional stimuli in accidentally injured Chinese patients with different posttraumatic growth levels

Extensive evidence has been obtained that supports an association between an attentional bias (AB) toward negative stimuli and vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology, little is known regarding the characteristics of individual AB in different posttraumatic growth (PTG) levels. The current study used a modified dot-probe task to investigate if individual differences in AB towards either positive or negative emotional stimuli, are related to self-reported PTG. A sample of 202 patients completed the experiment. Patients with low levels of PTG did not exhibit AB toward negative or positive stimuli, patients with medium levels of PTG had difficulty disengaging attention from negative stimuli, patients with high levels of PTG had difficulty disengaging attention from positive stimuli. And the AB towards positive stimuli was only predictive for PTG. An implication of this finding is that there are different characteristics of implicit cognitive processing in patients with different levels of PTG, suggesting the necessity of psychological intervention on the accidentally injured patients.     

Exploring the Effect of Perceived Teacher Support on Multiple Creativity Tasks: Based on the Expectancy–Value Model of Achievement Motivation

The present study explores the effect of perceived teacher support on three forms of thinking related to creativity. Tests of convergent thinking (by means of the Remote Associates Test), insight thinking (explored through a brain‐teaser test), and divergent thinking (by means of a verbal creativity test) were given to 512 middle school students in China, along with assessments of their perceived teacher support and creative self‐efficacy. The results of this study indicate that perceived teacher support positively predicts convergent thinking and insight thinking, with creative self‐efficacy playing a partial mediating role between perceived teacher support and convergent thinking. However, no significant relationships were found between perceived teacher support and divergent thinking. The findings partly lend support to the expectancy–value model of achievement motivation that teacher’s behavior influences student performance through self‐belief pathway.     

中国档案、中国高校档案源流研究

档案的起源,是指档案在人类社会的历史中最早出现的时间以及出现于哪种社会背景和条件下。我国档案历史源远流长,我国的档案和档案工作从夏代就已开始。“档案”一词却是在清代才出现的。在我国,交通大学的档案事业是高等学校档案事业的起源。我国高等学校档案事业经历了一个曲折发展的道路,改革开放以来才真正走上了健康发展之路。     

韦氏成人智力量表的修订

韦氏成人智力量表(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale简称WAIS)是美国DavidWechsler于1955年根据他在1939年编制的智力量表(W—BI)修订而成的。WAIS广泛用于英语国家,同时也有许多其他国家的修订本。它对教育和医学工作者均很有用。我们根据实际工作者的需要以及中国心理学会医学心理专业委员会的倡议,对这一量表进行     

智力落后的实验研究及普查结果的分析

智力落后,就其本身来说,不是一种综合症,而是许多不同病因导致中枢神经系统受到损伤,表现为大脑功能发生障碍的一种症状。它发生于发育阶段,是以智力低下和社会顺应不良为特征的。 智力落后的患病率在全世界范围都很高,虽然由于社会要求的标准及年龄取样不同而不完全一致。智力落后是当今社会面临的最重要的社会和医学问题之一,许多国家     

Community engagement,greening, and violent crime: A test of the greening hypothesis and Busy Streets

Researchers have documented that vacant lot greening can reduce community-level crime and violence. Busy Streets Theory (BST) suggests that residents who are involved in the greening process can help to improve physical environments and build social connections that deter crime and violence. Yet few researchers have explored how community engagement in the greening process may affect crime and violence outcomes. We applied BST to test the effects of community-engaged vacant lot greening compared to vacant lots that received either professional mowing or no treatment, on the density of violent crime around study lots. Using mixed effects regression models, we analyzed trends in violent crime density over the summer months from 2016 to 2018 at 2102 street segments in Youngstown, OH. These street segments fell within 150 meters of an intervention parcel that was classified as one of three conditions: community-engaged maintenance, professional mowing, or no treatment (control). We found that street segments in areas receiving community-engaged maintenance or professional mowing experienced greater declines in violent crime density than street segments in areas receiving no treatment, and more decline occurred in the community-engaged condition compared to the professional mow condition. Our findings support BST and suggest that community-engaged greening of vacant lots in postindustrial cities with a concentrated vacancy can reduce crime and violence.     

老子与道教

老子认为,为学是求知识,为道是求智慧.真正的智慧是超理性、超逻辑的一种体验方式,只有通过为道的方法才能悟道.老子的道,与基督教的上帝是极其接近的概念.道是非人格化、非神的上帝,而上帝是人格化的、神圣化的道.道最初是一个哲学概念,表示规律、法则,但它潜在着一种被神化的内涵.一旦社会有了需要,它可以转变为一种宗教的核心理念.例如在道教中,老子为道的方法发展成为道教修行的方法,老子的<道德经>演绎成道教各类经书.     

《管子·封禅》考索

本文根据古代文献的相关引文及记载,对已经亡佚的《管子.封禅》篇的原貌进行了探究,并对其内容是否可信进行了考辨。     

规则顺序与规则类型对儿童规则推理的影响

学前儿童时期是各种推理能力产生和发展的重要时期。本研究采用Frye和Zelazo等（1996）所设计的“二进二出”装置,设置了规则顺序、规则类型的规则推理任务,采用个别实验法,研究了90名3～4岁儿童规则推理能力的发展。在本研究条件下,结果发现：1．当规则呈现顺序不同时,儿童规则推理成绩差异显著,先呈现哪个规则,则利用这个规则进行推理的成绩就较好;2．不同规则类型下儿童的推理成绩差异极其显著,竖直规则下的推理任务更容易;3．3．5～4岁是儿童二维合取规则推理能力发展的快速期。