从明初庐山佛教信仰嬗变看国家宗教政策取向

宗教与政治有着密切的现实关联。明初扶持正统宗教与镇压白莲教等民间秘密宗教的政策使庐山传统佛教信仰中心——东林寺由修复走向没落。而帝王在庐山的神灵塑造活动使天池寺骤然兴起,地方信仰在此基础上得到重构。明中后期,庐山天池寺的国家祭祀活动逐渐泛化为普遍的民间信仰,天池寺成为新的地方佛教信仰中心。这一个案说明明初宗教依附于政治,神权从属于皇权的政教关系得到进一步深化。在国家强化宗教控制的过程中,庐山佛教信仰中心的空间转换与信仰重构使地方信仰成功纳入新兴王朝规制之中,国家由此实现了对宗教及地方社会的有力控制。     

Impacts of growth mindset and concern with performance on resilience to self-doubt in american and chinese students

Social Psychology of Education - The current study examined how growth mindset of intelligence and concern with performance impact resilience to chronic self-doubt in American and Chinese students....     

The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism impacts victim's moral emotions following interpersonal transgression

Immoral behaviors make individuals abominate and punish transgressors. Inspired by the associations between the Val66Met polymorphism of brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene and emotional responses following negative events, we investigated whether this polymorphism was also associated moral emotions such as punishment and forgiveness following interpersonal transgression. To do so, we categorized 340 individuals according to the BDNF Val66Met and assessed moral emotions by using 12 hypothetic scenarios in different conditions of intention and interpersonal consequence. The results indicated that this polymorphism was significantly associated with moral aversion and punishment towards transgressors. Victims with the Val/Val genotype expressed less aversion and punishment than the Met carriers, regardless of intention and interpersonal consequence. Moreover, this polymorphism was associated with forgiveness. Victims with the Val/Val genotype expressed more forgiveness than the Met carriers. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of the BDNF Val66Met to moral emotions.     

女性主义认同发展量表的中文版修订

目的:修订女性主义认同发展量表(feminist identity development scale,FIDS),检验其在中国女性大学生群体中的信度和效度。方法:对1657名女性大学生施测中文版FIDS、自尊量表(the self-esteem scale,SES)和矛盾性别偏见量表(ambivalent sexism inventory,ASI)中的敌意性别偏见分量表,随后进行项目分析、信度分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和效标效度的检验。结果:修订后的中文版FIDS共有27个条目,保留了5个分量表,分别是被动接受、醒悟、融合发展、整合和积极投入,累积方差贡献率为56.18%; 五因子模型拟合较好(χ2/df=2.99,IFI=0.92,CFI=0.92,GFI=0.92,TLI=0.91,RMSEA=0.05); 中文版FIDS的内部一致性系数(Cronbach’s α)在0.71～0.89之间,分半信度在0.75～0.90之间。结论:修订后的中文版FIDS在中国女性大学生群体中具有较好的信效度,是测量女性主义认同发展水平的有效工具。     

Ethnic Disparities and the Psychological Trauma of Maltreated Children: Evidence from Three Multi-ethnic Counties in China

This study aims to discuss the effect of ethnicity on child maltreatment trauma in China and to contribute to international knowledge on the quality of life of children. The data come from a survey of 1763 rural children (M_age = 12.34, 50.0% boys) in three multi-ethnic counties in western China that was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 with the modified versions of the “Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire” Scale. There are three important findings of this study. First, child maltreatment is significantly related to child depression in China. The depression score and rate of severe depression symptoms (SDS) are 2.09 times and 3.82 times higher, respectively, for maltreated children than children without maltreatment. Second, the effects of maltreatment on child depression differ significantly among the ethnic groups. The negative effect of maltreatment is most influential among the Han population and least influential among the Zhuang population. Third, ethnic disparities are also found in the effects of the influencing factors on child depression. The effect of intergenerational relationships on child depression is significant only in the Han and Tibetan populations, while the negative effect of peer support is found only among Han, Tibetan, and Miao children. Based on the confirmation of ethnic disparities in trauma due to maltreatment, this study suggests that it is necessary to establish a high-quality psychological intervention system in China’s multi-ethnic counties.

     

Difference in microstructure of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 glasses prepared in a 52 m drop tube and by water quenching

A 52 m drop tube has been used to solidify bulk-glass-forming Zr₄₁Ti₁₄Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 alloy. Glassy balls with different sizes solidified from the droplets whose structural features, glass-transition behaviour and crystallization kinetics have been investigated. The results indicate that the apparent activation energies of the glass transition and main crystallization reaction are significantly different from those of samples prepared by water quenching. The structural difference between the two types of glassy specimen is revealed by compression studies and in situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The results are important for understanding the structural features of bulk-forming glasses.     

Player–Spectator Discrepancies on Risk Preference during Decision Making

Risk preference during decision making depends not only on the potential risk and profits but also on the roles taken in the current task. Those who perform tasks are more risk-seeking than those who only watch. Given the prominent effect of experiencing the task, the player–spectator discrepancies are supposed to arise in the experiencing phase instead of the choosing phase. In the present study, the authors separated the experiencing role and the choosing role through a stylus maze task in which participants first performed in pairs—one as the player and the other as the spectator—and then chose from two rewarding options for themselves or their partners. The findings show that the experience as players induced a risk-seeking tendency in decision making, which suggests that it was the experiencing role, rather than the choosing role, that caused the difference of risk preference, at least for financially motivated groups and under similar task conditions.     

工作场所中的主观幸福感干预研究*

旨在探讨基于持续幸福理论的感恩、助人和追求目标的主观幸福感干预方法在国内工作场所中的有效性。采用随机分组安慰剂控制的方式,将3家企业的140名员工随机分为3个干预组、1个安慰剂控制组和1个空白对照组,进行持续一周的干预,并分别在干预前、干预结束时和干预结束2周后对被试的主观幸福感进行测试。结果发现记录感恩能够显著提升生活满意度;助人行为能够显著提升生活满意度、积极情绪,且能降低消极情绪;追求目标能显著提升生活满意度和降低消极情绪。结果表明上述三种干预方法能有效提高工作场所人员的主观幸福感。     

Tunable wave-vector filtering in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by magnetic barriers and δ-doping

We report a theoretical investigation on the control of wave-vector filtering (WVF) in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by realistic magnetic barriers and δ-doping, which can be experimentally realised by depositing a ferromagnetic stripe on the surface of a GaAs/Al_xGa_1?xAs heterostructure and using atomic layer doping. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that a sizeable WVF effect still exists even if δ-doping is introduced into the device. Numerical calculation reveals that the WVF efficiency is related closely to the δ-doping. Thus, the WVF effect in a magnetic nanostructure can be conveniently manipulated by properly adjusting the weight and/or the position of the δ-doping, giving rise to a tunable momentum filter for nanoelectronics applications.