Shared dialect group identity,leader–member exchange and self‐disclosure in vertical dyads: Do members react similarly?

Drawing upon social identity and status characteristic theories, we examine the reactions of vertical dyad members to shared dialect group identity in Taiwan. Supervisors and subordinates in 179 vertical dyads independently reported their dialect group identity and their perceptions of leader–member exchange (LMX) and self‐disclosure. Results indicate that subordinates reported a more positive LMX with, and greater self‐disclosure to, supervisors who shared their dialect group identity. Supervisors reported greater self‐disclosure to subordinates with the same dialect group identity, but not a more positive LMX. We also discuss implications for organizational demography theory and research.     

小学儿童认知发展的个体差异研究

使用皮亚杰经典任务探查了小学一、三、五年级儿童的认知发展以及发展的个体间差异和个体内差异。结果表明随着年级的升高,儿童的具体运算思维能力从一年级到三年级发展迅速,到五年级时达到比较稳定的水平;同时,形式运算思维能力在一年级已经萌芽并逐步发展。不管在具体运算任务还是形式运算任务,各年级儿童都表现出显着的个体间差异和个体内差异。这些发现对教育和临床心理都有重要的意义。     

Phosphorylated nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B) translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria of stressed rat cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis

Stress induces cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte injury, and while current data indicate that mitochondria play a key role in this process, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that in rats, restraint stress induced nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B) translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. This translocation promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, which ultimately resulted in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We also found that stress induced oversecretion of glucocorticoids and activated the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in cardiomyocytes. Enhanced PKA activity increased NGFI-B serine phosphorylation, which caused NGFI-B to translocate from the nucleus to mitochondria. Moreover, a PKA peptide inhibitor blocked NGFI-B serine phosphorylation and translocation. Our data demonstrate that stress affects cardiomyocytes by inducing NGFI-B mitochondrial translocation via serine phosphorylation, which in turn initiates mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.     

How humans react to changing rewards during visual foraging

Much is known about the speed and accuracy of search in single-target search tasks, but less attention has been devoted to understanding search in multiple-target foraging tasks. These tasks raise and answer important questions about how individuals decide to terminate searches in cases in which the number of targets in each display is unknown. Even when asked to find every target, individuals quit before exhaustively searching a display. Because a failure to notice targets can have profound effects (e.g., missing a malignant tumor in an X-ray), it is important to develop strategies that could limit such errors. Here, we explored the impact of different reward patterns on these failures. In the Neutral condition, reward for finding a target was constant over time. In the Increasing condition, reward increased for each successive target in a display, penalizing early departure from a display. In the Decreasing condition, reward decreased for each successive target in a display. The experimental results demonstrate that observers will forage for longer (and find more targets) when the value of successive targets increases (and the opposite when value decreases). The data indicate that observers were learning to utilize knowledge of the reward pattern and to forage optimally over the course of the experiment. Simulation results further revealed that human behavior could be modeled with a variant of Charnov’s Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) (Charnov, 1976) that includes roles for reward and learning.     

当代中国性伦理面临的挑战

一 随着我国市场经济的发展和改革开放的不断深入,近20年来,在对待性的态度上,人们的观念和行为发生了很大的变化.这种变化具体而鲜明地反映在人们日常的性交往和性活动之中.面对我国当前的性问题现状,相关的科研、教育等各部门各领域的专家学者都纷纷参与进来,展开讨论、发表意见,以期准确把握我国新形势下的性现状和未来的发展趋势.其中,社会学工作者的调查研究成果引人注目,为人们了解现状、全面反思提供了基本的素材.仅2004年就有<性爱十年--全国大学生性行为的追踪调查>(潘绥铭、杨蕊著,社会科学文献出版社)和<中国校园性观念调查--一份来自中国高校的性观念调查报告>(紫薇、左桐编著,民族出版社)等著作问世.     

Latent Profile Analysis of Psychopathy in Chinese Female Offenders

The present study aimed to identify meaningful subtypes of psychopathy among Chinese female offenders. A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) based on the scores of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathic Scale was performed in a sample of Chinese female prisoners (N?=?279, M age?=?45.43, SD?=?8.62). The LPA yielded three profiles: “low psychopathy group” (27.6%), “moderate psychopathy group” (66.7%), and “high egocentricity and antisocial group” (5.7%). These profiles differed on all outcome variables including anxiety, depression, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression. The high egocentricity and antisocial group had a greater risk for anxiety, recidivism, impulsiveness, and aggression. Overall, the findings support the existence of psychopathy subtypes in non-Western cultural contexts, suggest gender similarities in the manifestation of psychopathy traits, and further the understanding of psychopathy typologies.

     

论李维汉的宗教观

李维汉的宗教观是他参加革命以后,立足并服务于中国革命和建设的全局,特别是在领导中国共产党的统一战线工作的实践过程中逐步形成和发展起来的。他的宗教观包含丰富的内容,涉及宗教和宗教问题的基本理论以及正确处理中国宗教问题的基本原则,构成了一个比较完整的体系,是马列主义宗教观与中国宗教国情正确结合的产物,是马列主义宗教观中国化的重要成果。特别是关于社会主义时期宗教问题的思想,创造性地丰富和发展了毛泽东思想的宗教观,在很大程度上构成了党和国家宗教工作的理论依据,在中国化的马克思主义宗教观发展史上占有重要历史地位。     

《管子》的人才思想及对高校人力资源管理的启示

齐国作为春秋“五霸”之首、战国“七雄”之一,人才因素起了重要作用。《管子》的人才思想以其丰富的内蕴和高度凝炼的哲理性不仅对当时起到了指导作用,而且对现代高校人力资源管理来说也有诸多启示。