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41.
Pedro?PechorroEmail author Lara?Ayala-Nunes James?V.?Ray Cristina?Nunes Rui?Abrunhosa?Gon?alves 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(9):2753-2764
Few personality traits are as socially relevant as impulsivity, but few self-report measures have been specifically developed for adolescents and children. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) among a mixed-gender sample of 782 Portuguese youth (M = 15.87 years; SD = 1.72), in a school context. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the expected 6-factor first-order structure, but the 3-factor second-order factorial structure did not present a good fit. Cross-gender measurement invariance was demonstrated only in terms of weak invariance. Nonetheless, the Portuguese adaptation of the BIS-11 demonstrated some generally acceptable psychometric properties of internal consistency, mean inter-item correlation, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity of statistically significant associations with conduct disorder symptoms, alcohol abuse, drug use, and unprotected sex. The use of the BIS-11 among the male and female youth population is psychometrically justified, and it can be a useful measure to identify impulsive adolescents who are at considerable risk of personal injury and present a potential source of injury to others. 相似文献
42.
Mechanical parameters of the effector system directly after the termination of fast goal-directed arm movements were studied.Subjects were asked to move their hand as fast as possible to a target the instant the target was presented. Only movements of the subjects' forearms were allowed. They were also instructed not to react actively to forces applied suddenly to their forearm after the movement. As a result of such a force pulse the arm moved to a new position. The apparent stiffness, i.e. the quotient of the applied force and the resultant change of position, was measured. This stiffness is a measure for the resistance of the forearm to externally applied mechanical disturbances.It was found that after the arm has reached the target the apparent stiffness decreases as a function of time. This is an agreement with the declining amplitude of the electromyographic activity of the muscles that effect the movement.Arguments are given to support the hypothesis that this apparent stiffness control is part of the motor programme for movements of the forearm, i.e. the stiffness is planned together with the movement. 相似文献
43.
Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino Ferreira Júnior Washington Soares Sousa Daniel Carvalho Pires Reinaldo Rafael Corrêa Prota Santos do Nascimento André Luiz Borba Gonçalves Paulo Henrique Santos 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(5):1948-1960
Journal of Religion and Health - Religiosity/spirituality can affect health and quality of life in myriad ways. Religion has been present since the first moments of our evolutionary history,... 相似文献
44.
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder often described as being characterized by a dissociative cognitive architecture, in which profound impairments of visuo-spatial cognition contrast with relative preservation of linguistic, face recognition and auditory short-memory abilities. This asymmetric and dissociative cognition has been also proposed to characterize WS memory ability, with sparing of auditory short-term memory and impairment of spatial and long-term memory abilities. In this study, we explored the possibility of a double memory dissociation in WS (short- versus long-term memory; verbal versus visual memory). Thus, verbal memory abilities were assessed using California Verbal Learning Test and Digit Span and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and Corsi Blocks was used to assess visual-spatial memory abilities. Overall, WS subjects were found to present a generalized significant impairment in verbal and visuo-spatial components either in short- or long-term memory. In sum, data from this study brings support for a developmental delay hypothesis, rather than a double dissociation within memory systems in WS. 相似文献
45.
We introduce and study a new approach to the theory of abstract algebraic logic (AAL) that explores the use of many-sorted
behavioral logic in the role traditionally played by unsorted equational logic. Our aim is to extend the range of applicability
of AAL toward providing a meaningful algebraic counterpart also to logics with a many-sorted language, and possibly including
non-truth-functional connectives. The proposed behavioral approach covers logics which are not algebraizable according to
the standard approach, while also bringing a new algebraic perspective to logics which are algebraizable using the standard
tools of AAL. Furthermore, we pave the way toward a robust behavioral theory of AAL, namely by providing a behavioral version
of the Leibniz operator which allows us to generalize the traditional Leibniz hierarchy, as well as several well-known characterization
results. A number of meaningful examples will be used to illustrate the novelties and advantages of the approach.
Presented by Daniele Mundici 相似文献
46.
Pedro Pechorro Diana Ribeiro da Silva Daniel Rijo Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves Henrik Andershed 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2017,39(3):486-497
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory - Short version (YPI-S) among a mixed-gender sample of 782 Portuguese youth (M = 15.87 years; SD = 1.72) collected in a school context. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis offered support for the expected 3-factor structure. Partial cross-gender measurement invariance and cross-sample measurement invariance of the YPI-S using a forensic sample of institutionalized males was established. The Portuguese version of the YPI-S showed adequate psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, mean inter-item correlation, corrected item-total correlation, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. In support for criterion-related validity, the YPI-S also showed statistically significant associations with self-reported conduct disorder symptoms, alcohol abuse, and drug use. In terms of known-groups validity, males from the school sample scored lower than males from the forensic sample and higher than females from the school sample. The YPI-S seems to be a valuable brief and psychometrically reliable and valid self-report measure, which can be used to assess psychopathic traits in diverse samples of youth. 相似文献
47.
Miguel M. Gonçalves João Batista Sara Freitas 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2017,30(2):146-164
Psychotherapy research suggests that therapeutic change is associated with the emergence and development of innovative moments (IMs)—that is, exceptions to the problematic self-narrative that brought the client to therapy. This study compares two recovered cases of major depression, according to symptom measures, that presented contrasting profiles of evolution of IMs: one typical of successful therapy (Barbara), and another typical of unsuccessful therapy (Claudia). The core conflictual relationship theme (CCRT) was used to study narrative change independently of the innovative moments coding system (IMCS). The results suggest a high congruence between the IMCS and the CCRT profiles. Although Barbara presented changes in the IMCS and the CCRT in a similar way, Claudia's self-narratives (IMs and CCRT), despite symptom change, did not change. The results are discussed, considering the importance of narrative changes in recovery from depression and the maintenance of therapeutic gains. 相似文献
48.
Vânia Gonçalves Gordon Jayson Nicholas Tarrier 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(2):167-173
This longitudinal study investigated levels of anxiety and depression in women who underwent clinical investigations to diagnose
a possible ovarian cancer. Women completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), prior to clinical investigations
(Time 1), after receiving diagnostic results (Time 2) and at 3 months follow-up (Time 3). Thirty women completed the assessments
at Time 1 and Time 2, and 22 women were re-assessed at Time 3. The majority of the sample (56%) scored as a case of anxiety
prior to clinical investigations. A significant decrease in anxiety and depression across time was found. Levels of anxiety
and depression between women with a subsequent cancer diagnosis and women with a benign result were not significantly different.
This study showed that clinical investigations are a highly anxiety-provoking event. In addition, the diagnosis of cancer
did not significantly elevate or maintain levels of anxiety and depression compared to a benign diagnosis. 相似文献
49.
McCrae RR Scally M Terracciano A Abecasis GR Costa PT 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2010,99(6):1014-1024
There is growing evidence that personality traits are affected by many genes, all of which have very small effects. As an alternative to the largely unsuccessful search for individual polymorphisms associated with personality traits, the authors identified large sets of potentially related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and summed them to form molecular personality scales (MPSs) with from 4 to 2,497 SNPs. Scales were derived from two thirds of a large (N = 3,972) sample of individuals from Sardinia who completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa, Jr., & R. R. McCrae, 1992) and were assessed in a genomewide association scan. When MPSs were correlated with the phenotype in the remaining one third of the sample, very small but significant associations were found for 4 of the 5e personality factors when the longest scales were examined. These data suggest that MPSs for Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness (but not Extraversion) contain genetic information that can be refined in future studies, and the procedures described here should be applicable to other quantitative traits. 相似文献
50.