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681.
Françoise Dastur 《Continental Philosophy Review》2011,44(2):165-178
I would like to show how with Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, and Levinas, we have to do with three different ways of understanding
the experience of the other. For Sartre it is a visual experience, the experience of being looked at by the other, so that
the experience of the other is understood as a confrontation; for Merleau-Ponty, the experience of the other necessarily implies
coexistence and what he calls “intercorporeality,” so that for him the other is never to be found in front, but instead beside
me, in reciprocity with me; for Levinas, the experience of the other is the experience of a non-reciprocity, of an assymetrical
relation, because the experience of the other is for him an ethical and not an ontological experience, and because this experience
of the face of the other is the experience of a speaking and not in the first place corporeal presence. There are consequently
three different ways of finding an access to the other : the look for Sartre, intercorporeality for Merleau-Ponty and the face for Levinas. 相似文献
682.
Anita Santos Miguel M. Gonçalves Marlene Matos 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2011,11(2):129-139
Aims: To analyse a poor outcome case of narrative therapy with a woman victim of intimate violence. Method: The Innovative Moments Coding System: version 1 was applied to all sessions to track the innovative moments (i‐moments) in the therapeutic process. I–moments are the narrative details that occur in psychotherapeutic conversations that are outside the influence of the problematic narrative. This research aims to describe the processes involved in the stability of meanings in psychotherapy through a dialogical approach to meaning making. Findings: Contrarily to what usually occurs in good outcome cases, re‐conceptualization i‐moments are absent. Moreover, two specific types of i‐moments emerged with higher duration: reflection and protest. Qualitative analysis showed that the potential meanings of these i‐moments were surpassed by a return to the problematic narrative. Conclusion: The therapeutic stability seems to be maintained by a systematic return to the problematic narrative after the emergence of novelties. This process was referred from a dialogical perspective as a mutual in‐feeding of voices, one that emerges in the i‐moment and another one that supports the problematic narrative, which is maintained by an oscillation between these two types of voices during therapy. 相似文献
683.
The relationship between war exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been largely investigated but the impact of the combat experience on physical health has only recently merited attention. The authors investigated the relationship between war exposure and psychological and physical health among 350 Portuguese colonial war veterans. The role of current PTSD symptoms as a mediator of these relationships was also investigated. The results showed that 39% of the veterans met criteria for current PTSD diagnosis and psychological distress was present in half of the sample. Pain, fatigue, and sleep problems were the most reported physical symptoms and mental health and gastro-intestinal problems, the most reported illnesses. Combat exposure variables were significant predictors of current health. The results indicated that veterans with higher exposure to war trauma maintained higher current levels of psychological distress and presented more physical health problems and physical symptoms than those less exposed. Mediation analyses showed that current PTSD was a full mediator of the relationship between war exposure and physical health outcomes. 相似文献
684.
Eliana V. Carraça David Markland Marlene N. Silva Sílvia R. Coutinho Paulo N. Vieira Cláudia S. Minderico Luís B. Sardinha Pedro J. Teixeira 《Motivation and emotion》2011,35(4):423-434
In this study, we investigated the associations between body image and psychological well-being, exploring the mediating role
of controlled regulation for entering obesity treatment. In addition, we analyzed whether investment body image was more strongly
associated with controlled regulation (and subsequent well-being) compared to evaluative body image. These analyses were performed
controlling for baseline BMI effects. Participants were 139 overweight women (age: 38.0 ± 6.7 year; BMI: 32.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2) entering treatment. Evaluative and investment body image, controlled regulation, and psychological well-being were assessed.
Body image investment was positively associated with controlled regulation; evaluative body image was not. Controlled regulation
was negatively associated with self-esteem and psychological functioning. Controlled regulation partially mediated the effects
of body image investment on self-esteem, but did not mediate its effects on psychological functioning. Results suggest that
dysfunctional body image investment might undermine well-being within overweight women, partly by increasing controlled regulation
for entering obesity treatment. Discussion focuses on the importance of enhancing body image and autonomy during treatment
to improve well-being and weight outcomes. 相似文献
685.
Leung AW Jolicoeur P Vachon F Alain C 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(3):727-736
Since the introduction of the concept of auditory scene analysis, there has been a paucity of work focusing on the theoretical explanation of how attention is allocated within a complex auditory scene. Here we examined signal detection in situations that promote either the fusion of tonal elements into a single sound object or the segregation of a mistuned element (i.e., harmonic) that "popped out" as a separate individuated auditory object and yielded the perception of concurrent sound objects. On each trial, participants indicated whether the incoming complex sound contained a brief gap or not. The gap (i.e., signal) was always inserted in the middle of one of the tonal elements. Our findings were consistent with an object-based account in which perception of two simultaneous auditory objects interfered with signal detection. This effect was observed for a wide range of gap durations and was greater when the mistuned harmonic was perceived as a separate object. These results suggest that attention may be initially shared among concurrent sound objects thereby reducing listeners' ability to process acoustic details belonging to a particular sound object. These findings provide new theoretical insight for our understanding of auditory attention and auditory scene analysis. 相似文献
686.
Bounoua L Cury F Regner I Huguet P Barron KE Elliot AJ 《The British journal of social psychology / the British Psychological Society》2012,51(4):626-641
The present research used correlational and experimental methods and two well-established social comparison paradigms to integrate and extend prior research from the achievement goal and social comparison literatures. In Study 1, a general disposition to engage in social comparison was positively correlated with each type of goal in the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals, suggesting that the desire to seek out social comparison information is not exclusive to a particular type of achievement goal pursuit. In Study 2, when evaluating the specific direction of social comparison (upward or downward), the pursuit of performance-approach, mastery-approach, and mastery-avoidance goals facilitated upward social comparison, and the pursuit of performance-avoidance goals prompted a shift away from upward comparison towards downward comparison. The present findings provide new insight to the emerging integration of achievement goals and social comparison. 相似文献
687.
688.
Carole Castanier Françoise Paran Patricia Delhomme 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2012,15(4):387-394
IntroductionRoad users not abiding by the rule of tram priority has increased the number of crashes between trams and other road users. This study focuses on the perceptions of pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists regarding the risk of crashes with trams. The first aim was to examine how these road users assess the risk of tram crashes with themselves and with other road users of the same age and type. The second aim was to look into whether and to what extent road users’ comparative judgments about tram risk are realistic in terms of their self-reported behavior.MethodThe study sample included 973 road users (379 pedestrians, 146 cyclists, and 448 motorists). Three versions of a questionnaire were constructed to assess risk perceptions concerning interactions between these road users and trams, self-reported behavior, and knowledge of the tram-priority rules.ResultsThe results showed that all three types of road users perceived the risk of a crash between a tram and themselves to be very low (M = 1.53, SD = 0.88) and with other users to be higher (M = 2.28, SD = 1.06); they therefore expressed comparative optimism. The results also revealed realistic optimism among pedestrians and unrealistic optimism among young motorists.ConclusionThe present study shows that, as a whole, road users have little awareness of crash risks with trams. It may therefore be worthwhile to increase communication about the priority of trams, and to persuade road users not to violate this rule. 相似文献
689.
690.
Annie Pullen Sansfaçon Denise Medico Frank Suerich-Gulick Julia Temple Newhook 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2020,21(3):307-320
AbstractBackground: Research about gender identity development is still in its infancy, especially among youth who experience gender dysphoria and are accessing gender-affirming medical care.Aims: This article contributes to the literature on how gender identity and gender dysphoria is experienced, expressed and addressed by youth who have started, or are just about to start, a gender-affirming medical intervention.Methods: The project draws from qualitative interviews with 36 trans children and youth of different ages and stages of puberty. The data were collected in three specialized Canadian clinics that offer gender-affirming care and they were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis.Results: Two interlinked dimensions of the youth’s lives allow meaning-making of their gender identity: 1) internal or personal and 2) interactional or social processes. Careful analysis reveals three gender identity development pathways that may be taken by youth, from early questioning to the affirmation of their gender identity. A discussion of current models of gender identity development and their limitations concludes the article. 相似文献