DEPLOYMENT STATUS: A DIRECT OR INDIRECT EFFECT ON MOTHER–CHILD ATTACHMENT WITHIN A CANADIAN MILITARY CONTEXT?

Research has suggested that military spouses experience increased depressive symptoms and parenting stress during a military member's deployment. A relationship between maternal depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and child attachment security has been found in the general population, as has an indication that social support may provide a buffering effect. While there appears to be an association between the emotional well‐being of military spouses and child emotional well‐being during deployment, data are limited regarding the association between maternal emotional well‐being and child attachment security. The current study explores the association between deployment status and child attachment to the nonmilitary parent (i.e., the mother in this study) in a sample of 68 Canadian military families. Results revealed a significant impact of deployment status on maternal depressive symptoms and on quality of child attachment. The impact of deployment status on attachment was not mediated through the maternal variables, and despite a main effect of social support on the maternal variables, there was no moderating effect. Thus, our results suggest that deployment may affect child attachment independently of maternal well‐being.     

Need Satisfaction as a Mediator of Associations between Interparental Relationship Dimensions and Autonomy Supportive Parenting: A Weekly Diary Study

Guided by the self-determination theory, this weekly diary study tested a process model in which week-to-week mother-reported interparental conflict and perceived partner responsiveness were associated with maternal autonomy support by means of maternal psychological need satisfaction. During six consecutive weeks, 258 mothers (M_age = 41.71 years) and their 157 adolescents (51.4% females, M_age = 14.92 years) from Turkey provided weekly reports of the study variables via an online survey. Multilevel analyses showed that maternal need satisfaction was predicted by lower levels of interparental conflict and greater levels of perceived partner responsiveness. Maternal need satisfaction, in turn, was positively associated with maternal and adolescent reports of maternal autonomy support. Further, these week-to-week associations were partly moderated by maternal perfectionism. The results underscore the dynamic nature of the intra-family relationships, the important role of particular conditions in which mothers may become more autonomy supportive, and the necessity to consider mother’s personal characteristics while examining these dynamics.     

How the Process of the CSR Activities Works on Private Hospitals and Pharmaceutical Firms: Multiple Case Study from Strategic Perspective

Journal of Religion and Health - The phenomenon of corporate social responsibility “CSR” has stimulated lots of debates and disagreement among the business scholars. One of the most...     

Book reviews

Laughing Gods, Weeping Virgins: Laughter in the History of Religion. Ingvild Sæud Gilhus, 1997 London, New York: Routledge 173 pp., £45.00 (hb) ISBN 0–415–16197–5

Questioning the Secular State: The Worldwide Resurgence of Religion in Politics. David Westerlund, ed., 1996 London: Hurst & Companyμ xii +428 pp., £14.95 ISBN 1–85065–241–4 (pb.)

Religion and Resistance Politics in South Africa. Lyn S. Graybill, 1996 Westport, Connecticut: Praeger/Greenwood Press 157 pp., £44.95 (hb) ISBN 0–275–95141–3

Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia Christopher S. Queen & Sallie B. King, eds., 1996 Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 446 pp., US$24.95 ISBN 0–7914–2844–3

Religious Pluralism and Christian Truth. Joseph S. O'Leary, 1996 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press xiii + 269 pp., £45.00 ISBN 0–7486–0727–7

Church, State and Religious Minorities. Tariq Modood, ed., 1997 London: Policy Studies Institute 96 pp., £10.95 ISBN 0 85374 724 5

The Coming Deliverer: Millennial Themes in World Religions. Fiona Bowie, ed., 1997 Cardiff: University of Wales Press 264 pp., £9.95 (pb) ISBN 0–7083–1338–8

Zoroastrians in Britain. John R. Hinnells, 1996 Oxford, Clarendon Press xiv + 336 pp., £42.00 (hb) ISBN 0–19–826193–4

From the Holy Mountain: A Journey in the Shadow of Byzantium. William Dalrymple, 1997 London, Harper Collins 484 pp., illustrated, £18.00 ISBN 0–0025–5509–3

Jerusalem Today: What Future for the Peace Process?. Ghada Karmi, edv 1996 Reading: Ithaca Press xix +191 pp., £25.00 ISBN 0–86372–204–0

Judaism Since Gender. Miriam Peskowitz & Laura Levitt, eds., 1997 London: Routledge 229 pp., £14.99 (pb), £45.00 (hb) ISBN 0–415–91461–2 (pb), ISBN 0–415–91460–4 (hb)

Muslim Communities in the New Europe. Gerd Nonneman, Tim Niblock & Bogdan Szajkowski, eds., 1996 Reading: Ithaca Press 346 pp, £35.00 (hb) ISBN 0–86372–192–3

Congregation and Community. Nancy Tatom Ammerman, 1997 New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press xvi + 434 pp., US$55.00 (hb), US$24.00 (pb) ISBN 0–81352–334–6 (hb), ISBN 0–81352–335–4 (pb)

Against the Stream: The Adoption of Traditional Christian Faiths by Young Adults. Richard P. Cimino, 1997 Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America & Religion Watch 128 pp., US$46,00 (hb), US$26,00 (pb) ISBN 0–7618–0574–5 (hb), ISBN 0–7618–0575–3 (pb)

Polygamous Families in Contemporary Society. Irwin Altman & Joseph Ginat, 1996 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press xv + 512 pp., £55.00 (hb), £19.95 (pb) ISBN 0–521–56169–8 (hb), 0–521–56731–9 (pb)

Fertility, Class and Gender in Britain: 1860–1940. Simon Szreter, 1996 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 710 pp., £50.00 ISBN 0–521–34343–7

Implicit Religion in Contemporary Society. Edward I. Bailey, 1997 Kampen, Netherlands: Kok Pharos Publishing House; Weinheim, Germany: Deutscher Studien Verlag 302 pp., Dfl.69.00, £23.00 ISBN (Kok) 90–390–0581–8; ISBN (DSV) 3–89271–694–3

Geography of Religions in Russia. Alexei D. Krindatch, 1996 Decatur, Georgia: Glenmary Research Center 72 pp., 47 maps, US$29.95 (Paper/Spiral Bound) ISBN 0–914422–25–1

Believing in Australia: A Cultural History of Religions". Hilary M. Carey, 1996 St Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin xviii + 270p., £16.95 (pb) ISBN 1–86373–950–5

Icelandic Spiritualism: Mediumship and Modernity in Iceland. William H. Swatos, jr. & Loftur Reímar Gíssurarson, 1997 New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers 269 pp., US$32.95 (hb) ISBN 1–56000–273–5

The Channeling Zone: American Spirituality in an Anxious Age. Michael F. Brown, 1997 Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: Harvard University Press 214 pp., £14.50 (hb) ISBN 0–674–10882–5

Listening People, Speaking Earth: Contemporary Paganism. Graham Harvey, 1997 London: Hurst & Co. 250 pp., £27.50 (hb), £9.95 (pb) ISBN 1–85065–271–6 (hb), ISBN 1–85065–272–4 (pb)     

Detecting group differences in sequential association using sampled permutations: Log odds,kappa, and phi compared

When determining whether a particular transition is more characteristic of one group than of another, two things are required: an index associated with the transition of interest and a statistical test that can determine whether group membership systematically affects values for that index. Here the familiar parametrict test is compared with a test based on sampled permutations. Indices considered are the odds and log odds ratio, Yule’sQ, Wampold’s (1989) transformed kappa, and phi. The odds and log odds ratio are monotonically increasing functions of Yule’sQ and so give similar results. Yule’sQ and phi are essentially rank order invariant and usually give similar results. Transformed kappa, however, rank orders subjects somewhat differently than the others; moreover, it appears somewhat biased. With respect to the tests, when subjects are 20 or more it does not matter much whether sampled permutation or parametrict tests are used; both yield essentially the same result. However, when subjects are fewer than 20, or whenever there is any other reason to think that parametric assumptions may not be met, permutation tests are recommended. A computer program that effects such tests is described.     

Study-time of sentences as a function of their specificity and of semantic exploration

In self-paced learning conditions the study-time of sentences is supposed to depend jointly upon the information content of the material and upon its exploration by the subject in the course of learning. In exp. 1 informative content was varied by using sentences constituted either of general or of specific words; study-time was found to be significantly longer for the latter sentences than for the former and the recall performance to be equal. Differential semantic exploration and storage were instigated by presenting in the series either pairs of similar, and thereby contrasted sentences, or isolated sentences. In exp. 2, study-time of the sentences was longer than that of the latter; but the first recall performance recorded with the constrasted sentences was also higher. The divergent effects of the nature of the material and of the activity of the subject upon study-time and recall performance were emphasized.     

Spoken word recognition processes and the gating paradigm

Words varying in length (one, two, and three syllables) and in frequency (high and low) were presented to subjects in isolation, in a short context, and in a long context. Each word was presented repeatedly, and its presentation time (duration from the onset of the word) increased at each successive pass. After each pass, subjects were asked to write down the word being presented and to indicate how confident they were about each guess. In addition to replicating a frequency, a context, and a word-length effect, this “gating” paradigm allowed us to study more closely the narrowing-in process employed by listeners in the isolation and recognition of words: Some delay appears to exist between the moment a word is isolated from other word candidates and the moment it is recognized; word candidates differ in number and in type from one context to the other; and, like syntactic processing, word recognition is strewn with garden paths. The active direct access model proposed by Marslen-Wilson and Welsh is discussed in light of these findings.