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71.
Bimanual coordination dynamics in poststroke hemiparetics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Poststroke hemiparetic individuals (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9) completed a frequency-scaled circle-drawing task in unimanual and bimanual conditions. Measures of intralimb spatial and temporal task accuracy and interlimb coordination parameters were analyzed. Significant reductions in task performance were seen in both limbs of the patients and controls with the introduction of bimanual movement. Spatial performance parameters suggested that the 2 groups focused on different hands during bimanual conditions. In the controls, interlimb coordination variables indicated predictable hand dominance effects, whereas in the patient group, dominance was influenced by the side of impairment and prior handedness of the individual. Therefore, in this particular bimanual task, performance improvements in the hemiplegic side could not be elicited. Intrinsic coupling asymmetries between the hands can be altered by unilateral motor deficits. 相似文献
72.
Heit E Briggs J Bott L 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2004,30(5):1065-1081
The authors conducted 3 experiments addressing the issue of how observations and multiple sources of prior knowledge are put together in category learning. In Experiments 1 and 2, learning was faster for critical features, which were predictable on the basis of prior knowledge, than for filler features, and this advantage increased as more observations were made. In addition, learning was fastest for incongruent features that could only be predicted using knowledge from other domains. In Experiment 3, presenting contradictory features that violated prior knowledge led to rote learning rather than use of prior knowledge. The results were simulated with the Baywatch model, which addresses how observations of category members lead to recruitment and selection of sources of prior knowledge. 相似文献
73.
What is "marked" in visual marking? Evidence for effects of configuration in preview search 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Visual search for a conjunction target is facilitated when distractor sets are segmented over time: the preview benefit Watson and Humphreys (1997) suggested that this benefit involved inhibition of old items (visual marking, VM). We investigated whether the preview benefit is sensitive to the configuration of the old distractors. Old distractors changed their location prior to the occurrence of the new items, while also either changing or maintaining their configuration. Configuration changes disrupted search. The results are consistent with object-based VM, which is sensitive to the configuration of old stimuli. 相似文献
74.
Previous research has shown that the observation of actions and the execution of actions activate common neural systems. More recently, we have presented data showing that action observation of prehension primes subsequent execution (Castiello, Lusher, Mari, Edwards, & Humphreys, 2002). In the current paper we examined action priming under conditions in which the size of the prime did not predict the size of the target (only 20% of trials were valid). We demonstrated reliable priming under these conditions, consistent with the effect occurring automatically. In addition, we show priming even when observers saw just the object rather than the object and a reaching action on the prime trial. We discuss the findings in relation to the role of mirror neurons and object affordances. 相似文献
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Schroeder SR Oster-Granite ML Berkson G Bodfish JW Breese GR Cataldo MF Cook EH Crnic LS DeLeon I Fisher W Harris JC Horner RH Iwata B Jinnah HA King BH Lauder JM Lewis MH Newell K Nyhan WL Rojahn J Sackett GP Sandman C Symons F Tessel RE Thompson T Wong DF 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2001,7(1):3-12
This paper summarizes a conference held at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development on December 6-7, 1999, on self-injurious behavior [SIB] in developmental disabilities. Twenty-six of the top researchers in the U.S. from this field representing 13 different disciplines discussed environmental mechanisms, epidemiology, behavioral and pharmacological intervention strategies, neurochemical substrates, genetic syndromes in which SIB is a prominent behavioral phenotype, neurobiological and neurodevelopmental factors affecting SIB in humans as well as a variety of animal models of SIB. Findings over the last decade, especially new discoveries since 1995, were emphasized. SIB is a rapidly growing area of scientific interest to both basic and applied researchers. In many respects it is a model for the study of gene-brain-behavior relationships in developmental disabilities. 相似文献
77.
The Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), introduced in 1993, is a relatively new measure for the assessment of intelligence. Because of the test's theoretical foundation, standardization procedure, test items, and score interpretations, it is assumed to be a culturally sensitive measure. However, there is little supporting clinical or empirical evidence. The present case study examined cross-cultural applications of the KAIT using 3 volunteers from diverse cultural backgrounds with differential levels of American acculturation. In addition to test scores, the participants' impressions of the testing process were measured with the Subjective Units of Distress Scale. Preliminary evidence suggests that the KAIT, like its predecessor, the K-ABC, may be useful when working with culturally diverse people. 相似文献
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This paper examines college students' attributions about suicide as a function of gender and context (athletic vs. relationship failure). Results indicated that male athletes who suicided were considered more emotionally well-adjusted compared to males who suicided because of a relationship failure and all females. Male and female athletes who suicided were seen as more competent and less distressed compared to those who suffered a failed relationship. Females were also seen as more distressed compared to males. These results are discussed in terms of a positive bias toward athletes in our society as well as gender stereotypes. Implications of these findings as well as methodological limitations are discussed. 相似文献