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91.
Suicide is a major issue in surgically treated epileptic patients. A meta-analysis was performed comparing suicides in a sample of such patients and in the general population. The Index Medicus and the World Health Statistics Annual were searched to ascertain the suicide rates in the age groups indicated in the studies of epileptic patients for specific years and country. 11 studies were selected, comprising 2,425 patients, 24 of whom committed suicide. Data obtained for each study were processed together to calculate the mean number of suicides per 100,000 individuals with surgically treated epilepsy for each year. This meta-analysis shows that suicide in patients with epilepsy after surgical treatment is more frequent than in the general population. Results are discussed with particular attention to possible causative factors. 相似文献
92.
Meta-analyses were performed on 7 studies of ethnic match and psychotherapy. From 13 comparisons of ethnic match and dropout, a small overall effect size was found (r = .03). From 16 comparisons of ethnic match and number of sessions attended, a small overall effect size was found (r = .04). Effect sizes for dropout and utilization were heterogeneous, with ethnic minority groups having larger effect sizes than Caucasian Americans. From 9 comparisons of ethnic match and termination Global Assessment Score, a negligible overall effect size was found (r = .01). The small dropout and utilization effect sizes indicate that ethnic match is not a significant clinical predictor of decreasing dropout after the first session or increasing number of sessions attended. 相似文献
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94.
Leonard A. Jason Susan Torres-Harding Fred Friedberg Katrina Corradi Mary Gloria Njoku Julie Donalek Nadia Reynolds Molly Brown Bing Bing Weitner Alfred Rademaker Morris Papernik 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(4):275-296
Non-pharmacological behavioral treatments for CFS have been suggested as promising. These trials have tested protocols composed
of behavioral, cognitive and cognitive–behavioral interventions but there have been few efforts to differentially evaluate
their outcomes. The primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse delivered non-pharmacologic
interventions. In the present study, 114 participants diagnosed with CFS were randomly assigned to four 6-month interventions.
The interventions were: cognitive–behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, anaerobic activity, and a relaxation control group.
The study found that these interventions led to increases in several areas of functioning, with more consistent changes occurring
among those participants in the cognitive condition. For the 25 variables in this study, significant change occurred for 28%,
20%, 16%, and 12% of the variables for the cognitive, cognitive behavior therapy, anaerobic activity, and relaxation conditions,
respectively. However, the majority of participants continued to be diagnosed with CFS following the treatment trial. Implications
of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
95.
The psychological process of reintegration following a nine month/260 day solo sailboat circumnavigation of the globe 下载免费PDF全文
Anders Kjærgaard Gloria R. Leon Noah C. Venables 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2015,56(2):198-202
The focus of this case report is on the psychological reintegration process following the achievement of a highly challenging long‐duration and solitary endeavor. The participant was a 29 year old male who successfully circumnavigated the globe during a 260 day solo sailing expedition. We assessed the psychological aftermath in terms of stability and change in personality characteristics and personal beliefs prior to, and at 180 and 360 days after the completion of the journey. Overall, the personality configuration reflected adaptive personality functioning. A belief in an internal locus of control was consistent throughout, as were perceptions of personal growth as a result of the circumnavigation experience. NEO PI‐R Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, and Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (Tri‐PM) Boldness scores remained stable. Positive personality change was reflected by an elevation in Conscientiousness; negative change by a decline in Agreeableness and an increase in Tri‐PM Disinhibition. While overall the participant exhibited positive change as a result of his journey, there were also some negative aspects of the reintegration phase in regard to interactions with other persons. This latter change may be related to the effects of isolation from usual social contacts over an extended period. 相似文献
96.
Chisina T. Kapungu Carla M. Nappi Charu Thakral Steven A. Miller Catharine Devlin Cami McBride Emily Hasselquist Gloria Coleman Derek Drozd Chinmayee Barve Geri Donenberg Ralph DiClemente Larry Brown 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(4):578-588
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of evidence-based recruitment and retention strategies for a longitudinal, family-based HIV prevention intervention study targeting adolescents in psychiatric care by (1) determining consent rate (recruitment), rate of participation at the first intervention session (retention), and follow-up attendance rate (retention); and (2) examining socio-demographic factors, family-level processes, sexual risk-related indices, and intervention factors (i.e., treatment arm) associated with study retention. Only one-third of the families contacted ultimately enrolled in the study. 81% of those enrolled participated in the workshop and 72% attended the booster sessions with no significant differences between families on any variable based on attendance. Retention over 1?year was 85% and did not differ by treatment arm. Strategies employed were successful at retaining families once they were enrolled. Findings highlight barriers to enrollment for adolescents in psychiatric care and suggest that it may be critical to integrate HIV prevention programs within community-based mental health services in order to counteract recruitment challenges. 相似文献
97.
Gloria Di Filippo Daniela Brizzolara Anna Chilosi Maria De Luca Anna Judica Chiara Pecini 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(4):349-361
This study examined the influence of rapid automatization naming (RAN) measures on various parameters of reading performance in children who were native speakers of a language with a shallow orthography (Italian). Participants included 281 children enrolled in first-to-sixth grade. They were given a Naming test, in which they had to name rapidly matrices of colors, objects, or digits, a Cancellation test, using the same stimulus materials, and an oral Articulation test. Performance on all tests improved steadily across ages tested. Performance on the Naming test, but not on the Cancellation and Articulation tests, predicted speed and accuracy in reading; none of these measures reliably predicted the reading comprehension measure. Data on a Blending test were also available for a subsample of first- and third-graders. Both RAN and phonological ability contributed independently to the prediction of reading ability (accuracy and speed) in these participants. The results extend observations on RAN to an orthographically shallow language (Italian) and suggest an element of continuity between languages with opaque and transparent orthographies. 相似文献
98.
Gloria Seonane Pesqueira María Dolores Valiña García María José Ferraces Otero José Fernández Rey 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(48):21-39
ResumenEste estudio se centra en la influencia de la alineación mapa/medio y del número de puntos de correspondencia mapa/medio sobre la interpretación de los mapas «Usted está aquí». Se llevó a cabo en el Campus Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, utilizándose un diseño factorial 2 x 2. Cada sujeto tenía que localizar un objeto en un mapa y desplazarse hacia él. Se utilizaron cuatro versiones diferentes de mapas y, como variables dependientes, una amplia gama de índices (tiempo de observación del mapa, tiempo invertido en llegar al punto-meta, éxito o fracaso en la tarea, diversas medidas del trayecto, legibilidad percibida del mapa, seguridad y grado de dificultad subjetiva de la tarea).Los resultados indcaron que los sujetos tardan menos tiempo en interpretar y localizar un objetivo en un mapa cuando está alineado con el ambiente, lo perciben como más legible que uno no alienado, y seleccionan un trayecto más adecuado hacia el punto-meta. 相似文献
99.
Abstract According to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, negative emotions narrow one's thought–action repertoire. In contrast, positive emotions have a broadening effect, expanding cognitive capacity, increasing potential coping strategies that come to mind, and enhancing decision-making, reaction, and adaptation to adversity. Fredrickson and Losada determined that a positivity ratio – the ratio of experienced positive to negative emotions – at or above 2.9 promotes human flourishing. A ratio below 2.9 is indicative of languishing individuals, whereas a ratio below 1.0 is a marker of depression. This study examined whether adaptive and maladaptive coping profiles differentiated those who flourish, languish, or are depressed in two convenience samples – military spouses (n =367) and public school teachers (n=267). Results were consistent with the theoretical predictions, as coping profiles of the groups differed significantly, with flourishing individuals favoring adaptive coping strategies more than those who were languishing or depressed. Conversely, depressed individuals reported greater use of maladaptive coping strategies than those who were languishing or flourishing. These results provide further empirical support for the mathematical model of Fredrickson and Losada, as the set of positivity criteria were predictive of coping profiles in two samples where successful coping and adaptation are important. 相似文献
100.
Fan-pei Gloria Yang Navid Khodaparast Kailyn Bradley Min-Chieh Fang Ari Bernstein Daniel C. Krawczyk 《Brain and language》2013,124(2):194-203
Research to-date has not successfully demonstrated consistent neural distinctions for different types of ambiguity or explored the effect of grammatical class on semantic selection. We conducted a relatedness judgment task using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to further explore these topics. Participants judged relatedness within word pairs. Consistent and inconsistent conditions were included along with filler items. Imaging results revealed a main effect of ambiguity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortices. A main effect of grammatical class was observed in the parahippocampal and lingual gyri, and a main effect of consistency was found in the DLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and occipital cortices. Interactions among these factors were observed in the cingulate gyrus and motor cortices in addition to the DLPFC. These results suggest that both ambiguity type and grammatical class modulate semantic selection through different neural regions. 相似文献