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51.
This paper presents the results of an heuristic study based on the research question: ‘How do psychotherapists experience working with older clients?’ The question came from the researchers’ experience and interest in working with older clients in general practice. It started from the researchers’ desire to examine more closely feelings and elements present in their own experience in dialogue with seven other practising therapists who had an interest and experience of working with this client group. Qualities and elements identified were: perceptions of old age and ageism; boundaries and settings; changes to practice; culture and experiences; awareness of time; loss; decline and mortality; and parents and children. These are illustrated by material from each of the participants, a composite depiction of the experience, a creative synthesis and examples from the researchers’ experiences. 相似文献
52.
Grossi D Santangelo G Carbone G Giordano F Angelillo VG Trojano L 《Behavioural neurology》2011,24(3):257-262
We describe a patient with right hemisphere damage affected by mild left visuo-spatial neglect and constructional apraxia. During the rehabilitation, he failed to draw a draught-board using horizontal and vertical trajectories, but he performed it successfully using oblique trajectories. These observations suggested an impairment of vertical/horizontal spatial coordinates system. In copying tasks including figure elements in different orientations he drew more accurately components in oblique orientation, whereas failed to reproduce components in horizontal orientation. The patient performed visuospatial perceptual and perceptual-imaginative tasks successfully. From these findings, it is possible to suggest that the oblique coordinate system of reference operates independently of vertical and horizontal coordinate systems in building a complex figure and that, therefore, cardinal orientation do not constitute a reference norm to define oblique orientation, as previously suggested. 相似文献
53.
Darcq E Koebel P Del Boca C Pannetier S Kirstetter AS Garnier JM Hanauer A Befort K Kieffer BL 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2011,18(9):574-578
RSK2 is a Ser/Thr kinase acting in the Ras/MAPK pathway. Rsk2 gene deficiency leads to the Coffin-Lowry Syndrome, notably characterized by cognitive deficits. We found that mrsk2 knockout mice are unable to associate an aversive stimulus with context in a lithium-induced conditioned place aversion task requiring both high-order cognition and emotional processing. Virally mediated shRNA-RSK2 knockdown in the habenula, whose involvement in cognition is receiving increasing attention, also ablated contextual conditioning. RSK2 signaling in the habenula, therefore, is essential for this task. Our study reveals a novel role for RSK2 in cognitive processes and uncovers the critical implication of an intriguing brain structure in place aversion learning. 相似文献
54.
Valladolid-Acebes I Stucchi P Cano V Fernández-Alfonso MS Merino B Gil-Ortega M Fole A Morales L Ruiz-Gayo M Del Olmo N 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(1):80-85
It has been suggested that hyperglycemia and insulin resistance triggered by energy-dense diets can account for hippocampal damage and deficits of cognitive behaviour. We wonder if the impairment of learning and memory processes detected in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice is linked to diet composition itself. With this purpose we have evaluated learning performance in mice undergoing a short-term high-fat (HF) treatment, which leads to a pre-obese state characterized by increased adiposity without significant changes of glucose and insulin plasma levels. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a HF (45 kcal% from fat) or control diet (10 kcal% from fat) during 8 weeks. Learning performance was evaluated by using the four-arm baited version of the eight-arm radial maze test (RAM). Mice were trained to learn the RAM protocol and then memory was tested at different time-points. Time spent to consume food placed in baited arms and errors committed to find them were measured in all sessions. DIO mice significantly spent more time in learning the task and made a greater number of errors than controls. Moreover, retention tests revealed that both working and total memory errors were also more numerous in DIO mice. The current results show that short-term DIO impairs spatial learning and suggest that impairment of hippocampal learning elicited by HF diets might be perceptible before metabolic alterations linked to obesity develop. 相似文献
55.
Sexual infidelity can be costly to members of both the extra-pair and the paired couple. Thus, detecting infidelity risk is potentially adaptive if it aids in avoiding cuckoldry or loss of parental and relationship investment. Among men, testosterone is inversely related to voice pitch, relationship and offspring investment, and is positively related to the pursuit of short-term relationships, including extra-pair sex. Among women, estrogen is positively related to voice pitch, attractiveness, and the likelihood of extra-pair involvement. Although prior work has demonstrated a positive relationship between men?s testosterone levels and infidelity, this study is the first to investigate attributions of infidelity as a function of sexual dimorphism in male and female voices. We found that men attributed high infidelity risk to feminized women?s voices, but not significantly more often than did women. Women attributed high infidelity risk to masculinized men?s voices at significantly higher rates than did men. These data suggest that voice pitch is used as an indicator of sexual strategy in addition to underlying mate value. The aforementioned attributions may be adaptive if they prevent cuckoldry and/or loss of parental and relationship investment via avoidance of partners who may be more likely to be unfaithful. 相似文献
56.
57.
Michael Conway Giuseppe Alfonsi Dolores Pushkar Constantina Giannopoulos 《Sex roles》2008,58(9-10):738-749
The present study was conducted to address the relation of dimensions of communality and agency to rumination on sadness for white and visible minority individuals. A sample of Canadian undergraduates (N?=?1192) completed the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ; Spence et al. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37:1673–1682, 1979) and the Rumination on Sadness Scale (Conway et al. Journal of Personality Assessment 75:404–425, 2000). Multiple regressions were performed with participants’ EPAQ scores as predictors of rumination. Overall, the strongest relation was that greater agency predicted less rumination. For all but visible minority men, greater communality predicted more rumination. For white men and women, greater unmitigated agency was associated with more rumination. These and other findings are discussed in terms of theoretical accounts of sex differences in rumination. 相似文献
58.
The present paper introduces a belief merging procedure by majority using the standard format of Adaptive Logics. The core
structure of the logic ADM
c
(Adaptive Doxastic Merging by Counting) consists in the formulation of the conflicts arising from the belief bases of the agents involved in the procedure. A strategy
is then defined both semantically and proof-theoretically which selects the consistent contents answering to a majority principle.
The results obtained are proven to be equivalent to a standard majority operator for bases with partial support. 相似文献
59.
de Hevia MD Girelli L Bricolo E Vallar G 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2008,61(10):1496-1514
In recent years, a growing amount of evidence concerning the relationships between numerical and spatial representations has been interpreted, by and large, in favour of the mental number line hypothesis--namely, the analogue continuum where numbers are spatially represented (Dehaene, 1992; Dehaene, Piazza, Pinel, & Cohen, 2003). This numerical representation is considered the core of number meaning and, accordingly, needs to be accessed whenever numbers are semantically processed. The present study explored, by means of a length reproduction task, whether besides the activation of lateralized spatial codes, numerical processing modulates the mental representation of a horizontal spatial extension. Mis-estimations of length induced by Arabic numbers are interpreted in terms of a cognitive illusion, according to which the elaboration of magnitude information brings about an expansion or compression of the mental representation of spatial extension. These results support the hypothesis that visuo-spatial resources are involved in the representation of numerical magnitude. 相似文献
60.
Giuseppe Civitarese 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2008,89(6):1123-1143
The author contends that Caesura, one of Bion’s last works, can be read as the equivalent of Descartes’s Discourse on Method. In this compact and complex text, the dictate of ‘methodical’ and ‘hyperbolic doubt’– so called because it is taken to the extreme form of application to the faculty of thought itself – which, for Descartes, represents the fundamental principle of philosophical and scientific research, is reflected in the formula of ‘transcending the caesura’. Bion directs his attention successively to the pairs of opposing concepts that structure psychoanalytic discourse and demonstrates their paradoxical and non‐separative logic. The binary system of producing meaning is deconstructed through the systematic use of non‐pathological – i.e. not static but dynamic – reversible perspective. A viewpoint that appears natural, self‐evident and primary is plunged into crisis and proves to be founded on what the punctuation mark of the slash excludes. Yet the new point of view does not supplant its predecessor, but supplements it. The conceptual opposition is not overturned, but merely destabilized in such a way as to maintain a creative tension that generates new thoughts. By this technique of wrong‐footing the reader, Bion achieves what is tantamount to a Kuhnian revolution: the transition from Freud’s semiotic or evidential paradigm to an aesthetic one, centred on emotional experience – to a ‘science of at‐one‐ment’. Working with the antithetical concepts of censorship and caesura, the author illustrates some clinical implications of this radical shift. 相似文献