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121.
Lancioni GE Singh NN O'Reilly MF Sigafoos J Oliva D Scalini L Castagnaro F Di Bari M 《Cognitive processing》2007,8(4):279-283
The present study assessed the possibility of promoting pre-ambulatory foot–leg movements in children with multiple disabilities
by motivating their action through contingent stimulation combined with a support device. Two children aged 10 and 8 years
participated. Microswitch technology (i.e., pressure sensors under the shoes or optic sensors at the front–inner side of the
shoes) served for detecting the foot–leg movements and providing contingent stimulation on their occurrence. Sensor activation
produced 5 s of stimulation during intervention. Data showed that both children had significant increases in foot–leg movements
during the intervention phases. Implications of the data in terms of skill acquisition and further intervention prospects
are discussed. 相似文献
122.
Lancioni GE Singh NN O'Reilly MF Sigafoos J Oliva D Pidala S Piazzolla G Bosco A 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2007,36(2):85-90
This study assessed the viability of a microswitch cluster (i.e. a combination of microswitches) plus contingent stimulation for promoting adaptive responding and reducing aberrant behavior in a boy with profound multiple disabilities. The boy was initially taught an adaptive foot-movement response that activated a motion microswitch and produced preferred stimuli. Subsequently, his foot response led to preferred stimuli only if it occurred in the absence of aberrant behavior (i.e. hand mouthing and eye poking which were detected through optic microswitches). Moreover, full access to the stimuli required that the boy refrain from aberrant behavior during their presentation as well. The study also included a 3-month post-intervention check and a social validation assessment. Data showed that the boy (i) increased his adaptive responding, (ii) learned to perform this responding largely free from aberrant behavior and refrained from that behavior for most of the session time, and (iii) maintained this performance at the post-intervention check. The social validation ratings of 40 teachers and teacher assistants significantly favored the last intervention period (in which aberrant behavior was reduced) over the initial period. 相似文献
123.
Giulio?E.?LancioniEmail author Mark?F.?O’Reilly Nirbhay?N.?Singh Jeff?Sigafoos Doretta?Oliva Simona?Baccani Andrea?Bosco Fabrizio?Stasolla 《Cognitive processing》2004,5(4):232-238
Technological aids such as microswitches may be critical to foster learning and development in children with multiple disabilities. In study I, a child with minimal motor behavior was provided with a microswitch for chin movements to assess whether he could learn to use these movements to activate environmental stimuli. In study II, a child with dystonic (difficult-to-control) behavior was provided with microswitches for two motor responses and two vocal utterances. We wanted to assess whether he could use both types of responses effectively (varying within each pair, consistent with choice performance). The results were highly encouraging with both children. In study I, there was a significant increase in the childs responding, suggesting learning and contingency awareness. In study II, there was a significant increase in responding as well as response variation that suggested choice behavior. The importance of microswitch devices in promoting new learning/developmental objectives and improving quality of life is discussed. 相似文献
124.
125.
Previous research has indicated that harm to the mental health of children who are repeatedly victimised by their peers at school can be ameliorated through social or emotional support provided by other students. In this study we examined whether student provictim attitudes are related to more basic attitudes to self and attitudes to others. Measures of these attitudes were developed for use with children, and shown to be internally consistent and possess concurrent validity. Relations between these variables were then examined with a sample of Australian school children ( $N = 212$ ) aged between 9 and 14 years. Provictim attitudes correlated significantly ( $r = .55$ ) with acceptance of others, but not with acceptance of self ( $r = -.04$ ). Controlling for age and gender, multiple regression analyses confirmed these findings. Attitudes to victims were less positive for older students ( $r = -.22$ ). Gender differences, however, were not significant. These findings suggest that among schoolchildren self-acceptance is unrelated to positive attitudes towards victims, whereas acceptance of others has a moderately strong relation with provictim attitude. Implications for improving attitudes to victims among school children were examined. 相似文献
126.
Giulio Boccato Dora Capozza Elena Trifiletti Gian Antonio Di Bernardo 《Journal of applied social psychology》2015,45(11):629-647
The contact hypothesis suggests that the interaction between members of different groups decreases prejudice. Moderators and mediators shaping this link have been investigated. However, research about the factors that facilitate contact is not frequent. This article examines secure attachment as an antecedent of contact. Three studies provide information about various aspects of the relationship between secure attachment and contact: security is positively associated with (a) intergroup contact, which in turn is related to reduced prejudice (Study 1); (b) implicit approach tendencies toward the outgroup (Study 2); and, once again, (c) with contact through the indirect effect of openness to exploration (Study 3). In the discussion, we recommend priming both secure and insecure schemas to investigate their unique effects on intergroup contact. 相似文献
127.
Russell Lang Mandy Rispoli Jeff Sigafoos Giulio Lancioni Alonzo Andrews Lilia Ortega 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(4):252-259
Discrete trial training was delivered using English and Spanish languages to a student with autism from a Spanish-speaking
family. An alternating treatments design was used to examine the effects of language of instruction on the child’s response
accuracy and challenging behavior. More correct responses and fewer challenging behaviors occurred when instruction was delivered
in Spanish compared to English. Results suggest that the language of instruction may be an important variable even when a
student initially presents with very little spoken language and comparable scores on English and Spanish standardized language
assessments. 相似文献
128.
Sathiyaprakash?RamdossEmail author Russell?Lang Austin?Mulloy Jessica?Franco Mark?O’Reilly Robert?Didden Giulio?Lancioni 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(1):55-76
The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic analysis of studies involving the use of computer-based interventions
(CBI) to teach communication skills to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review evaluates intervention outcomes,
appraises the certainty of evidence, and describes software and system requirements for each included study. This review has
three main aims: (a) to evaluate the evidence-base regarding CBI, (b) to inform and guide practitioners interested in using
CBI, and (c) to stimulate and guide future research aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of CBI in communication
for individuals with ASD. Results suggest that CBI should not yet be considered a researched-based approach to teaching communication
skills to individuals with ASD. However, CBI does seem a promising practice that warrants future research. 相似文献
129.
Nardone R De Blasi P Zuccoli G Tezzon F Golaszewski S Trinka E 《Brain and language》2012,120(3):422-426
We report a patient showing isolated phonological agraphia after an ischemic stroke involving the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). In this patient, we investigated the effects of focal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) given as theta burst stimulation (TBS) over the left SMG, corresponding to the Brodmann area (BA) 40. The patient and ten control subjects performed a dictational words and nonwords writing task before, and 5 and 30 min after they received excitatory intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the left BA 40, the right hemisphere homologous to BA 40, the Wernicke’s area, or the primary visual cortex.ITBS over the left SMG lead to a brief facilitation of phonological non-words writing to dictation. This case study report illustrates that rTMS is able to influence, among other language functions, the phonological loading processes during the written language production in stroke patients. 相似文献
130.
Giulio Fornaroli 《Journal of applied philosophy》2019,36(4):659-674
A number of authors in recent liberal political theory have advanced an ‘argument from integrity’ in favour of legal accommodations. This holds that people are entitled to forms of legal accommodations every time they can plausibly claim that complying with a certain norm compromises their ability to act in accordance with some fundamental personal values. I advance two points against this argument. Valuing integrity unconditionally is implausible because a life devoid of integrity is one that does not prevent anyone from developing crucial liberal virtues. If integrity is valued conditionally, on the other hand, its normative role becomes redundant. In fact, I argue, the key liberal values of fairness and toleration can give a more plausible guidance with regard to the problem of how to treat (and sometimes accommodate) moral commitments that are incompatible with public norms. I conclude that the notion of personal integrity is, by itself, unnecessary and possibly detrimental in a theory of justice. 相似文献