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排序方式: 共有131条查询结果,搜索用时 7 毫秒
51.
An electronic guidance system was used to help two multihandicapped blind persons move and carry out activities within a large setting. Both subjects had previously been exposed to a robot-assisted program. The electronic guidance system consisted of three parts: a control unit, infrared light sources, and a portable device. The portable device provided the subjects with direction feedbacks concerning the activity places. Data showed that both subjects learned to use the device and thus could profitably engage in mobility and activity. When allowed to choose between the new system and the robot, one subject preferred the robot, the other the new system. A group of parents, who were shown video-tapes of the two subjects while working with the new system and with the robot, preferred the new system. Efficacy, likableness and cost of this system and of the robot are discussed. 相似文献
52.
53.
This is a dialogue between a philosopher and a scientist about the scientific explanation of consciousness. What is consciousness? Does it admit of scientific explanation? If so, what must a scientific theory of consciousness be like in order to provide us with a satisfying explanation of its explanandum? And what types of entities might such a theory acknowledge as being conscious? Philosopher Owen Flanagan and scientist Giulio Tononi weigh in on these issues during an exchange about the nature and scientific explanation of consciousness. 相似文献
54.
Printed instructions and programable watches were used for helping two adults with moderate mental retardation perform variable tasks and follow a time schedule for task execution. The subjects, who could not read, were to match the words appearing in instruction notes to identical words superimposed on illustrative pictures (and collected in a vocabulary form). The pictures identified through this matching explained the meaning of the words being matched (i.e., indicated to the subjects which responses/tasks to perform). Self-recording was also used. The results showed that both subjects learned to use the printed instructions and the watches successfully. The subjects' performance remained positive over time. Procedural aspects and practical implications of the study are discussed. 相似文献
55.
Choice opportunities were built within an existing robot-assisted occupational program. The new version of the program (with choice opportunities) was then employed with a low-functioning, multiply handicapped man who had previously been trained in the old version of the same program (the one with no choice opportunities). The results have shown that the man responded “purposefully” to choice situations and maintained highly accurate activity engagement. The importance of providing choice opportunities to people with severe and multiple handicaps and the cost and benefits of the program used in this study are discussed. 相似文献
56.
The Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire was given to 868 Italian students. Response analysis revealed three factors: checking behavior and worries, problems of contamination and cleaning, and doubts and intrusive thoughts. In males a fourth component was also recognized—the ‘obesssional slowness’ which Hodgson and Rachman (1977) found in obsessive patients, but not in normal and neurotic English patients. 相似文献
57.
In the process of fitting a probabilistic knowledge structure to data, standard goodness-of-fit statistics only partially describe the correctness of the fitted model. Irrespectively of how good the fit is, a too-high value of the error rates (careless error and lucky guess probabilities) might be a symptom of a misspecification of the model. In this situation, it could be critical to interpret those values as error rates. A more reasonable solution would be to hypothesize that some modifications have to be introduced in the model. In this paper, we show that in specific cases, these modifications yield basic local independence model parameterizations that are not identifiable. The applicative consequences of the theoretical results are displayed by means of an example carried out on a set of clinical data collected through the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire. 相似文献
58.
Lancioni GE Singh NN O'Reilly MF Sigafoos J Amenduni MT Navarro J Buonocunto F Scarabino T Belardinelli MO 《Cognitive processing》2012,13(2):133-137
This study assessed whether a post-coma woman functioning at the lower end of the minimally conscious state would (a) develop
adaptive responding through the use of microswitch technology and contingent stimulation, (b) consolidate and maintain her
responding over time, and (c) show evidence of response-consequences awareness (learning and discrimination). The study involved
an ABABB1CB1 sequence in which the A represented baseline phases, the B and B1 intervention phases, and the C a control phase with continuous stimulation. Results indicated that the woman developed adaptive
responding and consolidated it over the intervention phases of the study. The woman also showed evidence of being aware of
response-consequences links. Potential implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
59.
de Felice Giulio Giuliani Alessandro Andreassi Silvia Orsucci Franco Schöller Helmut Aichhorn Wolfgang Kratzer Leonhard Schiepek Günter 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2022,52(2):117-125
Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - With the aim of investigating analogies and differences between psychotherapeutic processes, ten good-outcome and ten poor-outcome cases were selected from a... 相似文献
60.
In the present study, the use of knowledge space theory (KST), jointly with formal concept analysis (FCA), is proposed for
developing a formal representation of the relations between the items of a questionnaire and a set of psychodiagnostic criteria.
This formal representation can be used to develop an efficient adaptive tool for psychological assessment. Rusch and Wille
(1996) have shown some interesting connections between KST and FCA; these connections are applied in the construction of knowledge
structures, starting from a formal context representing the relations between items and criteria. The proposed general methodology
was applied, as an example, to the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire. We used a data set provided by a sample
of patients with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder to validate the obtained structures. The parameters of the basic
local independence model (BLIM) were estimated for the obtained knowledge structures. The fit of each model was tested by
parametric bootstrap because of the sparseness of the derived data matrix. The results are discussed in light of both psychological
and methodological relapses. In particular, we propose a reinterpretation of the BLIM parameters that seems suitable for testing
reliability and construct validity; furthermore, it is pointed out how the obtained structures could represent the starting
point for the development of a computerized assessment tool. 相似文献