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排序方式: 共有468条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
321.
Flanagan T Enns JT Murphy MM Russo N Abbeduto L Randolph B Burack JA 《Brain and cognition》2007,65(1):128-134
The voluntary and reflexive orienting abilities of persons with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome, at average MA levels of approximately 4 and 7 years, were compared with an RT task. Reflexive orienting abilities appeared to develop in accordance with MA for the participants with Down syndrome but not for those with fragile X syndrome. However, both groups showed delayed voluntary orienting. The group differences in reflexive orienting at the low MA level reinforce the practice of separating etiologies and highlight the contribution of rudimentary attentional processes in the study of individuals with mental retardation. 相似文献
322.
Journal of Philosophical Logic - There is an apparent dilemma for hierarchical accounts of propositions, raised by Bruno Whittle (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 46, 215–231, 2017): either... 相似文献
323.
Lo Sze Mon Wong Ho Cheong Lam Ching Yee Shek Daniel T. L. 《Applied research in quality of life》2020,15(1):207-218
Applied Research in Quality of Life - While numerous studies have suggested the rising prevalence of common mental disorders amongst university students, studies examining mental health of Chinese... 相似文献
324.
Amy J. Angleman Yoshihiko Shinzato Vincent B. Van Hasselt Stephen A. Russo 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(2):89-93
Most research conducted on women's self-protection strategies has focused on modern self-defense training, as opposed to traditional martial arts instruction. Further, traditional martial arts training has been characterized by many as less useful for women than modern self-defense instruction. However, no investigations have compared the effectiveness of these two approaches. Several misconceptions concerning traditional martial arts may explain why this form of self-protection has not been utilized as often, or evaluated as frequently, as other methods. This paper: (1) distinguishes traditional martial arts from modern self-defense training, (2) reviews research that has assessed behavioral outcomes of self-defense training strategies, and (3) discusses factors that influence perceptions and efficacy of such programs. To assist in these efforts, we include the expertise and perspectives of an internationally-recognized grandmaster in the Okinawan martial art of Shorin Ryu Karate. Suggestions for directions that future research in this area might take are offered. 相似文献
325.
The aim of this study was to test different methods for distinguishing between two known timing processes involved in human rhythmic behaviours. We examined the implementation of two approaches used in the literature: the high-frequency slope of the power spectrum and the lag one value of the autocorrelation function, ACF(1). We developed another method based on the Wing and Kristofferson (1973a) model and the predicted negative ACF(1) for event-based series: the detrended windowed (lag one) autocorrelation (DWA). We compared the reliability and performance of these three methods on simulation and experimental series. DWA gave the best results, and guidelines are given for its appropriate use for identifying underlying timing processes. 相似文献
326.
Price MA Butow PN Lo SK Wilson J;Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):635-644
Some women at increased familial risk of breast cancer experience elevated levels of cancer-specific worry, which can possibly
act as a barrier to screening, and may be a significant factor in decisions regarding risk-reducing surgery. The aim of this
study was to comprehensively examine predictors of cancer-specific worry in high risk women and to test a model which proposes
that perceived breast cancer risk mediates the impact of other factors on worry. 1,437 unaffected women from high risk breast
cancer families completed questionnaires and interviews. Path analysis was used to test the model of potential predictors
of cancer worry, including familial, personal and psychological variables, mediated via perceived cancer risk. Levels of cancer-specific
worry were generally low despite an average perceived risk of 50.3%. The goodness-of-fit of the proposed model was poor, explaining
only 9% of the variance for perceived risk and 10% of the variance for cancer specific worry. An alternative model of a direct
relationship between all of the predictor variables and cancer worry, explained 24% of the variation in cancer worry. General
anxiety, perceived risk, the stressful impact of recent cancer related events, a relative risk greater than 10, being closer
in age to the youngest breast cancer diagnosis in family, and knowledge of personal mutation status, all independently contributed
to cancer worry. Addressing general affective responses, experiences of recent cancer related events, in addition to education
about personal risk, should be considered in counselling women with elevated cancer worry. Risk perception appears to act
independently of other factors in its formulation and impact on cancer worry. Further research on the way in which women come
to perceive their risk is indicated.
The kConFab Psychosocial Group are (in alphabetical order of institution): Brain and Mind Institute, University of Sydney,
Australia (I Hickie) Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia (K-A
Phillips) Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia (B Bennett, B Meiser, K Tucker) Department
of Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (S-A MaLachlan) Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal North
Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia (C Tennant); Medical Psychology Research Unit, University of Sydney, Australia (P Butow,
M Price). 相似文献
327.
Human decisions cannot be explained solely by rational imperatives but are strongly influenced by emotion. Theoretical and behavioral studies provide a sound empirical basis to the impact of the emotion of regret in guiding choice behavior. Recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging data have stressed the fundamental role of the orbitofrontal cortex in mediating the experience of regret. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data indicate that reactivation of activity within the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala occurring during the phase of choice, when the brain is anticipating possible future consequences of decisions, characterizes the anticipation of regret. In turn, these patterns reflect learning based on cumulative emotional experience. Moreover, affective consequences can induce specific mechanisms of cognitive control of the choice processes, involving reinforcement or avoidance of the experienced behavior. 相似文献
328.
Spatial reorientation: the effects of space size on the encoding of landmark and geometry information 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
The effects of the size of the environment on animals’ spatial reorientation was investigated. Domestic chicks were trained
to find food in a corner of either a small or a large rectangular enclosure. A distinctive panel was located at each of the
four corners of the enclosures. After removal of the panels, chicks tested in the small enclosure showed better retention
of geometrical information than chicks tested in the large enclosure. In contrast, after changing the enclosure from a rectangular-shaped
to a square-shaped one, chicks tested in the large enclosure showed better retention of landmark (panels) information than
chicks tested in the small enclosure. No differences in the encoding of the overall arrangement of landmarks were apparent
when chicks were tested for generalisation in an enclosure differing from that of training in size together with a transformation
(affine transformation) that altered the geometric relations between the target and the shape of the environment. These findings
suggest that primacy of geometric or landmark information in reorientation tasks depends on the size of the experimental space,
likely reflecting a preferential use of the most reliable source of information available during visual exploration of the
environment. 相似文献
329.
330.