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There is a fairly closed circle between culture, language, meaning, and truth such that the world of a given culture is a world understood in terms of the meanings produced in that culture. Medicine is, in fact, a subculture of a powerful type and has its own language and understanding of the range of illnesses that affect human beings. So how does medicine get at the truth of people and their ills in such a way as to escape its own limited constructions? There is a way out of the closed circle implicit in the idea of a praxis and the engagement with reality that is central to it and the further possibility introduced by Jacques Lacan that signification is never comprehensive in relation to the subject's encounter with the real. I will explore both of these so as to develop a conception of truth that is apt for the knowledge that arises in the clinic. 相似文献
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Carl Gillett 《Analysis》2002,62(276):316-323
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As an index of the propensity of the plurality voting procedure to produce an outcome which conflicts with the wishes of the majority, the likelihood of the weak Borda effect is flawed and misleading. It is recommended that researchers discontinue using the quantity for this purpose, since it is possible to obtain directly the likelihood of plurality/majority disagreement. 相似文献
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Raphael Gillett 《Behavior research methods》1991,23(3):442-446
A method of sample-size determination for use in attempts to replicate experiments is described. It is appropriate in situations where there is uncertainty about the magnitude of the effect under investigation. The procedure uses information supplied by the original experiment to establish a distribution of probable effect sizes. The sample size to be used in a replication study is that which provides an expected power of the desired amount over the distribution of probable effect sizes A FORTRAN 77 program is presented that permits rapid calculation of sample size in replication attempts employing comparisons of means, correlation coefficients, or proportions. 相似文献
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John Maltby Liz Day David Giles Raphael Gillett Marianne Quick Honey Langcaster‐James P. Alex Linley 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2008,99(2):279-292
The aim of the present studies was to generate implicit theories of a desire for fame among the general population. In Study 1, we were able to develop a nine‐factor analytic model of conceptions of the desire to be famous that initially comprised nine separate factors; ambition, meaning derived through comparison with others, psychologically vulnerable, attention seeking, conceitedness, social access, altruistic, positive affect, and glamour. Analysis that sought to examine replicability among these factors suggested that three factors (altruistic, positive affect, and glamour) neither display factor congruence nor display adequate internal reliability. A second study examined the validity of these factors in predicting profiles of individuals who may desire fame. The findings from this study suggested that two of the nine factors (positive affect and altruism) could not be considered strong factors within the model. Overall, the findings suggest that implicit theories of a desire for fame comprise six factors. The discussion focuses on how an implicit model of a desire for fame might progress into formal theories of a desire for fame. 相似文献
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The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alex M. Wood John Maltby Raphael Gillett P. Alex Linley Stephen Joseph 《Journal of research in personality》2008,42(4):854-871
In two longitudinal studies, the authors examined the direction of the relationships between trait gratitude, perceived social support, stress, and depression during a life transition. Both studies used a full cross-lagged panel design, with participants completing all measures at the start and end of their first semester at college. Structural equation modeling was used to compare models of direct, reverse, and reciprocal models of directionality. Both studies supported a direct model whereby gratitude led to higher levels of perceived social support, and lower levels of stress and depression. In contrast, no variable led to gratitude, and most models of mediation were discounted. Study 2 additionally showed that gratitude leads to the other variables independently of the Big Five factors of personality. Overall gratitude seems to directly foster social support, and to protect people from stress and depression, which has implications for clinical interventions. 相似文献
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Carl Gillett 《Synthese》2006,153(2):261-296
Samuel Alexander was one of the foremost philosophical figures of his day and has been argued by John Passmore to be one of
‘fathers’ of Australian philosophy as well as a novel kind of physicalist. Yet Alexander is now relatively neglected, his
role in the genesis of Australian philosophy if far from widely accepted and the standard interpretation takes him to be an
anti-physicalist. In this paper, I carefully examine these issues and show that Alexander has been badly, although understandably,
misjudged by most of his contemporary critics and interpreters. Most importantly, I show that Alexander offers an ingenious,
and highly original, version of physicalism at the heart of which is a strikingly different view of the nature of the microphysical
properties and associated view of emergent properties. My final conclusion will be that Passmore is correct in his claims
both that Alexander is significant as one of the grandfather’s of Australian philosophy and that he provides a novel physicalist
position. I will also suggest that Alexander’s emergentism is important for addressing the so-called ‘problem of mental causation’
presently dogging contemporary non-reductive physicalists. 相似文献
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Raphael Gillett 《Behavior research methods》2001,33(4):485-488
An extension of the traditional matching paradigm that enables researchers to test a variety of new experimental hypotheses is outlined. An on-line computer program that provides an exact small-sample test of hypotheses in the extended matching paradigm is described. The program, which has an intuitive graphical interface, may be accessed and executed via the Internet by using an ordinary browser. 相似文献
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