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61.
The accuracy of simple actions is swiftly determined through specific monitoring brain systems. However, it remains unclear whether this evaluation is accompanied by a rapid and compatible emotional appraisal of the action that allows to mark incorrect actions as negative/bad and conversely correct actions as positive/good. In this study, we used a new method to decode the affective value of simple actions generated by participants during a standard Go/noGo task. Immediately after each Go/noGo action, participants responded to the valence of either a positive or a negative word. Results showed that False Alarms performed during the Go/noGo task led to a faster evaluative categorization of negative words relative to positive words. This action-word evaluative priming effect occurred when the interval between these two events was set to either 300 or 600ms, but not 1000ms. Finally, higher levels of trait anxiety were associated with a reduction of the evaluative priming effect. Our results suggest that simple actions are rapidly evaluated as positive or negative depending on the automatic monitoring of their perceived accuracy. 相似文献
62.
This paper focuses on two estimators of ability with logistic item response theory models: the Bayesian modal (BM) estimator
and the weighted likelihood (WL) estimator. For the BM estimator, Jeffreys’ prior distribution is considered, and the corresponding
estimator is referred to as the Jeffreys modal (JM) estimator. It is established that under the three-parameter logistic model,
the JM estimator returns larger estimates than the WL estimator. Several implications of this result are outlined. 相似文献
63.
We would like to propose a new model of meaning construction based on language comprehension considered as a dynamic process
during which the meaning of each linguistic unit and the global meaning of the sentence are determined simultaneously. This
model, which may be called “gestalt compositionality,” is radically opposed to the classic compositional mechanism advocated
by linguistic formalism based on the primacy of syntax. The process considers the syntactic structure of an utterance as the
product of meaning construction rather than its source. The comprehension of an utterance is consequently directly based on
the interaction between the different basic components of this utterance: lexical units, grammatical markers, positional relations
between units, and more generally, basic “constructions” in the sense of Construction Grammar. Thus, meaning is really the
result of a gestalt compositional process insomuch as the contribution of each basic component depends on the contribution
of the other components present in the utterance. We show a first attempt at modeling from French and English examples. 相似文献
64.
Dutilh G Vandekerckhove J Forstmann BU Keuleers E Brysbaert M Wagenmakers EJ 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2012,74(2):454-465
People tend to slow down after they make an error. This phenomenon, generally referred to as post-error slowing, has been hypothesized to reflect perceptual distraction, time wasted on irrelevant processes, an a priori bias against the response made in error, increased variability in a priori bias, or an increase in response caution. Although the response caution interpretation has dominated the empirical literature, little research has attempted to test this interpretation in the context of a formal process model. Here, we used the drift diffusion model to isolate and identify the psychological processes responsible for post-error slowing. In a very large lexical decision data set, we found that post-error slowing was associated with an increase in response caution and-to a lesser extent-a change in response bias. In the present data set, we found no evidence that post-error slowing is caused by perceptual distraction or time wasted on irrelevant processes. These results support a response-monitoring account of post-error slowing. 相似文献
65.
Anxiety has profound influences on a wide range of cognitive processes, including action monitoring. Eventrelated brain potential
(ERP) studies have shown that anxiety can boost early error detection mechanisms, as reflected by an enhanced error-related
negativity (ERN) following errors in high-anxious, as compared with low-anxious, participants. This observation is consistent
with the assumption of a gain control mechanism exerted by anxiety onto error-related brain responses within the dorsal anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC). However, whether anxiety simply enhances or, rather, alters early error detection mechanisms remains
unsolved. In this study, we compared the performance of low-versus high-trait-anxious participants during a go/no-go task
while high-density EEG was recorded. The two groups showed comparable behavioral performance, although levels of state anxiety
increased following the task for high-anxious participants only. ERP results confirmed that the ERN/Ne to errors was enhanced
for high-anxious, relative to low-anxious, participants. However, complementary topographic analyses revealed that the scalp
map of the ERN/Ne was not identical between the two groups, suggesting that anxiety did not merely increase early error detection
mechanisms, but also led to a qualitative change in the early appraisal of errors. Inverse solution results confirmed a shift
within the ACC for the localization of neural generators underlying the ERN/Ne scalp map in high-anxious participants, corroborating
the assumption of an early effect of anxiety on early error-monitoring functions. These results shed new light on the dynamic
interplay between anxiety and error-monitoring functions in the human brain. 相似文献
66.
Peter G. Rendell Mark A. McDaniel Robert D. Forbes Gilles O. Einstein 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(3):236-256
ABSTRACT Two experiments examined the puzzling variation in the age-related patterns for event-based prospective memory tasks. Both experiments involved a famous faces ongoing task with a feature of the famous face as the target for the prospective memory task. In Experiment 1, a substantial age deficit was found on the prospective memory task when the cue was nonfocal (wearing glasses) to the ongoing task, replicating previous research, but this deficit was significantly reduced with a focal cue (first name John). In Experiment 2, the prospective memory cue (wearing glasses) was held constant and the demands of the ongoing task of naming faces were varied. The substantial age differences found with a nonfocal cue were eliminated when the ongoing task was made less challenging. The findings help reconcile the divergent age-related findings reported in the literature. 相似文献
67.
Every day, people rely on prospective memory—our ability to remember to perform a future action—to carry out myriad tasks. We examined how a sham cognitive enhancing drug might improve people's performance on a prospective memory task. We gave some people (but not others) the sham drug, and asked everyone to perform a high-effort prospective memory task. People who received the sham drug performed better on the prospective memory task. They also took longer to perform their ongoing task, suggesting that they increased their effortful monitoring. These results fit with research showing that suggestions can lead people to increase cognitive effort and increase memory performance. 相似文献
68.
Gilles E. Gignac 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(1):40-47
Short forms of the MMPI have been criticized due to their inability to adequately reproduce the profiles of the full length version of the MMPI Oftentimes these short forms are used with subject populations dissimilar to the population upon which the short form was originally standardized. This study evaluates the effect of using local norms with one of these short forms (the FAM) upon the concordance rates of profile code-types with the original full-length MMPI profile. Single point, first 2 high-point and first 3 high-point code-types were found to have higher concordance rates when using local norms. Use of local norms for short MMPI forms may compensate, in part, for information lost in the shortening. 相似文献
69.
Luca Latini-Corazzini Marie Pascale Nesa Mathieu Ceccaldi Eric Guedj Catherine Thinus-Blanc Franco Cauda Federico Dagata Patrick Péruch 《Psychological research》2010,74(6):545-559
We investigated the characteristics of route and survey processing of a unique complex virtual environment both at the behavioral
and brain levels. Prior to fMRI scanning, participants were trained to follow a route and to learn the spatial relationships
between several places, acquiring both route and survey knowledge from a ground-level perspective. During scanning, snapshots
of the environment were presented, and participants were required to either indicate the direction to take to follow the route
(route task), or to locate unseen targets (survey task). Data suggest that route and survey processing are mainly supported
by a common occipito-fronto-parieto-temporal neural network. Our results are consistent with those gathered in studies concerning
the neural bases of route versus survey knowledge acquired either from different perspectives or in different environments.
However, rather than arguing for a clear distinction between route and survey processing, “mixed” strategies are likely to
be involved when both types of encoding take place in the same environment. 相似文献
70.