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1.
Supporting teacher use of interventions: effects of response dependent performance feedback on teacher implementation of a math intervention 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Donna Gilbertson Joseph C. Witt Lynn LaFleur Singletary Amanda VanDerHeyden 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(4):311-326
This study examined general education teachers’ implementation of a peer tutoring intervention for five elementary students
referred for consultation and intervention due to academic concerns. Treatment integrity was assessed via permanent products
produced by the intervention. Following verbal instructions, intervention implementation by four teachers was consistently
low or exhibited a downward trend whereas one teacher’s moderate implementation co-occurred with student gains. When classroom
training was conducted with four teachers exhibiting low integrity, all teachers improved implementation. After accurately
implementing the intervention for three training sessions with classroom training, response dependent performance feedback
was provided when teachers independently used the intervention below 100% integrity, as determined by review of permanent
products. With response dependent performance feedback, three of the four teachers implemented the intervention at levels
above the verbal training performance, whereas implementation for one teacher increased following discussion of an upcoming
school team meeting. Student math scores improved during intervention. 相似文献
2.
Research on children with autism spectrum disorders suggests differences from neurotypical children in the preference for ‘social’ versus ‘nonsocial’ sounds. Conclusions have been based largely on the use of head-turn methodology which has various limitations as a means of establishing auditory preference. In the present study, preference was assessed by measuring the frequency with which children pressed a button to hear different sounds using an interactive toy. Contrary to prior results, both groups displayed a strong preference for the highly social sounds. These findings have implications for approaches to language intervention and for theoretical debates regarding social motivation. 相似文献
3.
Neurocognitive function in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gilbertson MW Paulus LA Williston SK Gurvits TV Lasko NB Pitman RK Orr SP 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2006,115(3):484-495
Neuropsychological deficits have been reported among trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is often assumed that these cognitive difficulties are toxic consequences of trauma exposure. Alternatively, they may reflect preexisting characteristics that contribute to the likelihood of developing PTSD. To address this possibility, the authors evaluated cognitive performance in monozygotic twin pairs who were discordant for combat exposure. Pairs were grouped according to whether the combat-exposed brother developed PTSD. The combat-unexposed cotwins of combat veterans with PTSD largely displayed the same performance as their brothers, which was significantly lower than that of non-PTSD combat veterans and their brothers. The results support the notion that specific domains of cognitive function may serve as premorbid risk or protective factors in PTSD. 相似文献
4.
An alternating treatments design was used to compare the effects of a 1-s and a 5-s paced intervention on rates of letter naming by English Language Learners (ELL). Participants were four kindergarten students performing below the average letter naming level and learning rate than other ELL classmates. The fast paced intervention consisted of a 1-s paced letter modeling and 1-s response wait time combined with a 1-s intertrial interval. Alternatively, the slower paced intervention consisted of 5-s modeling, response wait time, and intertrial intervals. For three students, the 5-s paced intervention resulted in greater increases in letter naming rates as compared to the 1-s intervention and baseline condition. All students first obtained the mastery criterion level during the 5-s intervention. 相似文献
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6.
Philosophia - This paper discusses an analogical argument for the compatibility of the evidential argument from evil and skeptical theism. The argument is based on an alleged parallel between the... 相似文献
7.
Ahmed A. Moustafa Mark W. Gilbertson Scott P. Orr Mohammad M. Herzallah Richard J. Servatius Catherine E. Myers 《Brain and cognition》2013
Empirical research has shown that the amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are involved in fear conditioning. However, the functional contribution of each brain area and the nature of their interactions are not clearly understood. Here, we extend existing neural network models of the functional roles of the hippocampus in classical conditioning to include interactions with the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We apply the model to fear conditioning, in which animals learn physiological (e.g. heart rate) and behavioral (e.g. freezing) responses to stimuli that have been paired with a highly aversive event (e.g. electrical shock). The key feature of our model is that learning of these conditioned responses in the central nucleus of the amygdala is modulated by two separate processes, one from basolateral amygdala and signaling a positive prediction error, and one from the vmPFC, via the intercalated cells of the amygdala, and signaling a negative prediction error. In addition, we propose that hippocampal input to both vmPFC and basolateral amygdala is essential for contextual modulation of fear acquisition and extinction. The model is sufficient to account for a body of data from various animal fear conditioning paradigms, including acquisition, extinction, reacquisition, and context specificity effects. Consistent with studies on lesioned animals, our model shows that damage to the vmPFC impairs extinction, while damage to the hippocampus impairs extinction in a different context (e.g., a different conditioning chamber from that used in initial training in animal experiments). We also discuss model limitations and predictions, including the effects of number of training trials on fear conditioning. 相似文献
8.
An alternating treatments design was used to compare the effects of two response modes on acquisition and retention rates
of letter naming fluency performance (LNF) by six kindergarten English Language Learners (ELLs) performing below the average
letter naming level and slope of other ELL classmates. With equal amounts of practice opportunities, ELLs practiced by orally
reading printed letters (see/say) or practiced by pointing to a printed letter that was orally read to them (hear/point).
The see/say intervention practiced printed letter sounds to enhance oral reading competence. Alternatively, the hear/point
intervention confirmed a non-verbal recognition of oral letter sounds to increase attention and information processing of
oral and printed letters prior to an oral LNF assessment. The see/say intervention was moderately more effective on LNF rates
than the hear/point intervention for all ELLs on the acquisition assessment and for 4 of the 6 ELLs on the retention assessment.
Results are discussed in terms of efficiency as well as effectiveness when making decisions about selecting and implementing
responsiveness to intervention assessments when ELLs students are not responding to an effective general education program. 相似文献
9.
George H. Noell Kristin A. Gansle Joseph C. Witt Ernest L. Whitmarsh Jennifer T. Freeland Lynn H. LaFleur Donna N. Gilbertson John Northup 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(4):659-663
This study examined the effects of reinforcement contingencies designed to increase the performance of existing reading skills as well as the effects of instruction—modeling and practice—designed to increase skill level for oral reading fluency across three levels of reading materials. Results showed that a combination of contingencies, modeling, and practice was effective in producing substantial increases in reading fluency for all participants at their assigned grade levels. These results demonstrate one strategy for experimentally determining those instructional components that are required to increase oral reading rate. 相似文献
10.
Adam K. Fetterman Michael D. Robinson Elizabeth P. Gilbertson 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2014,33(2):185-198
Object relations theories emphasize the manner in which the salience/importance of implicit representations of self and other guide interpersonal functioning. Two studies and a pilot test (total N?=?304) sought to model such representations. In dyadic contexts, the self is a “you” and the other is a “me”, as verified in a pilot test. Study 1 then used a simple categorization task and found evidence for implicit self-importance: The pronoun “you” was categorized more quickly and accurately when presented in a larger font size, whereas the pronoun “me” was categorized more quickly and accurately when presented in a smaller font size. Study 2 showed that this pattern possesses value in understanding individual differences in interpersonal functioning. As predicted, arrogant people scored higher in implicit self-importance in the paradigm. Findings are discussed from the perspective of dyadic interpersonal dynamics. 相似文献