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151.
Joyce E. Bono Phillip W. Braddy Yihao Liu Elisabeth K. Gilbert John W. Fleenor Louis N. Quast Bruce A. Center 《Personnel Psychology》2017,70(4):729-768
We attempt to make sense of ongoing gender disparities in the upper ranks of organizations by examining gender bias in leaders’ assessments of managers’ derailment potential. In a large managerial sample (Study 1: N ~ 12,500), we found that ineffective interpersonal behaviors were slightly less frequent among female managers but slightly more damaging to women than men when present. Evidence of bias was not found in performance evaluations but emerged when leaders were asked about derailment potential in the future. We replicated this pattern of effects in a second large managerial sample (Study 2: N ~ 35,500) and in two experimental studies (Studies 3 and 4) in which gender and interpersonal behaviors were manipulated. In Study 4, we also showed that when supervisors believe that a manager might derail in the future, they tend to withdraw mentoring support and sponsorship, which are especially critical for women's career advancement. Our research highlights the importance of leaders’ perceptions of derailment potential—which differ from evaluations of performance or promotability—both because they appear to be subject to stereotype‐based gender bias and because they have important implications for the mentoring and sponsorship that male and female managers receive. 相似文献
152.
Janet Taylor Spence (1923–2015), a major figure in American psychology, made seminal scientific contributions to the fields of anxiety and gender psychology. In this essay, the authors, both former Spence students, weave a tapestry of her teaching and mentoring by using as the threads Spence’s reflections on her professional life, the authors’ personal experiences with Spence, and findings from the relevant career literature. Three areas of teaching and mentoring are used to illustrate Spence’s distinctive yet highly effective style of mentoring: (a) modeling and insisting on careful thinking, (b) serving as an intentional role model, and (c) assisting in negotiating the hazards of academia. A conceptual explanation is provided for each area, together with specific examples illustrating how Spence employed these strategies. 相似文献
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154.
Gilbert R. Parra James P. Olsen Kelly E. Buckholdt Lisa Jobe-Shields Genevieve L. Davis 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(5):596-606
We conducted a pilot study of the initial development of a self-report measure assessing how adolescents react when parents
respond in a helpful manner to their sad emotional experiences. Participants were late adolescents (ages 18–20) attending
a large, racially diverse urban university (N = 86; 75% women; 46% racial/ethnic minority). A broad range of relationship-oriented literatures (e.g., early childhood and
marital) were considered in creating items for the Adolescent Reactions to Parents (ARP) scale. A 3 factor solution (Accepting,
Avoidant, and Attacking) appeared to provide the most parsimonious fit to the data. Adequate levels of reliability were observed
for each of the three ARP subscales. Zero-order correlations among subscales of the ARP were moderate in strength. Findings
indicated that participants who reported more avoidant and attacking reactions also reported more adjustment difficulties
including emotion regulation difficulties and symptoms of depression. Results suggest that the ARP scale has the potential
to be a valuable tool for advancing knowledge related to the socialization of emotions. 相似文献
155.
L. Benn J.E. Harvey P. Gilbert C. Irons 《Personality and individual differences》2005,38(8):1813-1822
This study set out to explore the relationship between recall of parental rearing, social rank, interpersonal trust and homesickness. Eighty-nine first year undergraduates (59 women and 30 men) living away from home and attending the University of Derby completed a set of questionnaires in their sixth week in the first semester at university. Results indicate that recall of supportive parenting is associated with lower homesickness, favourable social rank and greater interpersonal trust. Conversely, recall of parental rejection correlated with great homesickness, feeling inferior to others, and lower interpersonal trust. Two separate multiple regression analyses revealed that both the parental rearing variables, and the social rank and interpersonal trust variables, produced significant models in the prediction of homesickness scores. Mediation analysis suggests that whilst recalling one’s parents as rejecting is directly associated with increased homesickness, it may also generate feelings of inferiority that may lead to distress when moving into new environments. 相似文献
156.
Monica Gilbert Tina Cicolini Anthony Mander 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2005,23(1):71-77
With the advanced deinstitutionalization of the treatment of the mentally ill, the public mental health services in many parts
of Australia are facing serious difficulties in providing adequate community-based treatment to the large numbers of individuals
in need. Overreliance on medication and a diminishing supply of suitably trained therapists may result in an increasing proportion
of patients being denied the benefit of optimal treatment and care which should include evidence-based psychological and behavioral
approaches. In this communication we describe a day program, designed and implemented in Perth, Western Australia, which combines
individual and group therapy provision, and is closely integrated with both primary care and the specialist mental health
services. The program provides an alternative to in-patient admission and is cost-effective by reducing the demand for acute
hospital beds. It is acceptable to patients and produces measurable improvements in symptoms, functioning and subjective well-being.
Address correspondence to Anthony Mander, ENHANCE, Inner City Mental Health Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Box X2213, Perth
6000, Western Australia. 相似文献
157.
The objective of this study was to test the effect of individual differences on appeal and use of video games. Participants were 299 adolescent boys from lower and higher secondary schools in the Netherlands and Belgium. In general, boys were most attracted to violent video games. Boys that scored higher in trait aggressiveness and lower in empathy were especially attracted to violent games and spent more time playing video games than did boys lower in trait aggressiveness. Lower educated boys showed more appreciation for both violent and nonviolent games and spent more time playing them than did higher educated boys. The present study showed that aggressive and less empathic boys were most attracted to violent games. The fact that heavy users of violent games show less empathy and higher aggressiveness suggests the possibility of desensitization. Other studies have shown that playing violent games increases aggressiveness and decreases empathy. These results combined suggest the possibility of a violence cycle. Aggressive individuals are attracted to violent games. Playing violent games increases aggressiveness and decreases empathy, which in turn leads to increased appreciation and use of violent games. 相似文献
158.
This paper details the responses made by social scientists as well as criminal justice practitioners during 1932 to a study focusing on the status of criminology by the Bureau of Social Hygiene. These responses ultimately led to the publication of the controversial Crime, Law and Social Science (1933), which gave much-needed direction to the development of criminology. Despite the importance of these responses to the creation of criminological thought, only one (by Edwin H. Sutherland) has previously been published. Examining the responses of all of the individual participants in the project gives a clearer picture of controversies and changes which ultimately occurred as the field of criminology gradually became institutionalized as an academic discipline. 相似文献
159.
160.