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Environmental and Behavioral Influences on Gene Activity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gilbert Gottlieb 《Current directions in psychological science》2000,9(3):93-97
The central dogma of molecular biology holds that 'information' flows from the genes to the structure of the proteins that the genes bring about through the formula DNA → RNA → protein. In this view, a set of master genes activates the DNA necessary to produce the appropriate proteins that the organism needs during development. In contrast to this view, probabilistic epigenesis holds that necessarily there are signals from the internal and external environment that activate DNA to produce the appropriate proteins. To support this view, I review a substantial body of evidence showing that external environmental influences on gene activation are normally occurring events in a large variety of organisms, including humans. This demonstrates how genes and environments work together to produce functional organisms, thus extending the model of probabilistic epigenesis. 相似文献
264.
Christopher Gilbert 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》2005,86(2):201-224
Abstract: While Augustine distinguishes free choice from true liberty, his account of human freedom implies further distinctions which Augustine himself does not make explicit. More importantly, Augustine regards these distinct types of freedom as qualitatively different; some are clearly superior to others. Descartes also distinguishes qualitatively different types of freedom, and does so in a way that parallels Augustine's view. I here argue that Augustine divides freedom into four qualitatively distinct grades, and then demonstrate that Descartes’ account of freedom is a rationalist adaptation of the theory of free choice found in Augustine. 相似文献
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General cognitive ability (GCA) is a recognized construct for predicting job performance and capacity to learn. However, it has recently been argued that the time constraints under which GCA is assessed might provoke test anxiety, which negatively biases GCA scores. This can then lead to erroneous rejection of qualified candidates in personnel hiring contexts. This paper aimed to investigate: (1) to what extent candidates’ GCA scores increase when tested without time constraints and the ability of this GCA score to predict job performance; and (2) the personality characteristics that hinder GCA test performance under time constraints. Results from two field studies conducted in an actual personnel selection context partially confirmed the hypotheses. They revealed that, aside from the improvement of all candidates’ GCA scores when time constraint was removed, only GCA assessed without time constraints predicts job performance. Furthermore, while all candidates’ scores were influenced by the time constraint condition, individuals who are anxious, low-impulse, low value-questioning and deliberating are more penalized by the time constraint condition of such testing and, thus, are more likely to be erroneously eliminated in a selection process. 相似文献
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Katherine L. Bracken-Minor Meghan E. McDevitt-Murphy Gilbert R. Parra 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(4):552-563
This study used latent variable mixture modeling (LVMM) with a combined sample of undergraduates and internet users who endorsed non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI; N?=?440) to identify profiles of non-suicidal self-injurers. LVMM results revealed four distinct subtypes (“Experimental NSSI,” “Mild NSSI,” “Multiple Functions/Anxious,” and “Automatic Functions/Suicidal” groups) that were similar to those found in a prior study of undergraduates Klonsky and Olino (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76:22-27, 2008), with an additional fifth “Multi-method.” ANOCOVAs and logistic regressions showed the first four groups differed on aspects of psychopathology in a similar fashion to the previous study. Specifically, the Experimental and Mild NSSI groups had the lowest levels of psychopathology, and the AF/Suicidal group had higher levels of psychopathology than the first three groups except for anxiety, which was higher for the MF/Anxious group. The additional Multi-method group was found to have higher levels of psychopathology than all other groups, but not significantly different from the MF/Anxious group. With regard to alcohol use and drinking motives, the MF/Anxious group had the highest level of hazardous drinking and drinking motives related to coping with depression and anxiety, enhancement, and conformity. The other four groups were not differentiated from one another on any drinking variable. Findings suggest that NSSI may be better conceptualized as a heterogeneous syndrome in clinical and research settings, with one sub-group being more at-risk for hazardous alcohol use. 相似文献
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Tolentino JC Pirogovsky E Luu T Toner CK Gilbert PE 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2012,19(6):251-255
Two experiments tested the effect of temporal interference on order memory for fixed and random sequences in young adults and nondemented older adults. The results demonstrate that temporal order memory for fixed and random sequences is impaired in nondemented older adults, particularly when temporal interference is high. However, temporal order memory for fixed sequences is comparable between older adults and young adults when temporal interference is minimized. The results suggest that temporal order memory is less efficient and more susceptible to interference in older adults, possibly due to impaired temporal pattern separation. 相似文献
270.
The current study investigated Deaf individuals’ dating expectations. Prior research on dating expectations has identified
three common scenes: initiation/meeting, activities, and outcomes/conclusions. Participants were asked to report their expectations
for each scene on a typical date. Talking was the most frequently occurring initiation activity. Dinner and a movie were among
the top date activities in the activities scene. Activities were often reported as group gatherings. Dating outcomes included
a good night kiss and making plans for another date. These expectations do not match prior research with hearing participants
where the Traditional Sexual Script could be identified. Comparisons and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献