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91.
Rick S. Zimmerman Elizabeth L. Khoury William A. Vega Andres G. Gil George J. Warheit 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(2):181-197
A multiracial/multiethnic sample of middle school adolescents and their teachers was used to assess whether teacher ratings
of student behavior problems varied according to teacher-student racial/ethnic differences and students' perception of teachers'
attitudes toward them. No significant mean score differences were found for Hispanic or non-Hispanic white students according
to the race/ethnicity of the teachers doing the ratings. However, African American students rated by Hispanic and non-Hispanic
white teachers had significantly higher mean total behavior problem scores than African American students rated by African
American teachers. Teacher ratings were also compared to those made by parents. The percentage of students rated as cases
by teachers but not by parents differed significantly by race/ethnicity of student. Other findings indicated highly significant
relationships between student-perceived teacher disparagement and the assignment of high behavior problem scores to students
by teachers.
This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, R01DA05912; William A. Vega, Principal Investigator.
The authors express their appreciation to Superintendent Octavio Visiedo, Dr. James Mennes, Dr. Sylvia Rothfarb, and the cooperating
staff and teachers of the Dade County Public Schools for their support in the conduct of this research. 相似文献
92.
Garotti Marilice De Souza Deisy G. De Rose Julio C. Molina Renata C. Gil Maria Stella A. 《The Psychological record》2000,50(1):35-48
The Psychological Record - Pilgrim and Galizio (1995) reversed baseline conditional discriminations after the emergence of equivalence classes. College students’ performance was consistent... 相似文献
93.
The role of embodiment in the perception of the duration of emotional stimuli was investigated with a temporal bisection task. Previous research has shown that individuals overestimate the duration of emotional, compared with neutral, faces (S. Droit-Volet, S. Brunot, & P. M. Niedenthal, 2004). The authors tested a role for embodiment in this effect. Participants estimated the duration of angry, happy, and neutral faces by comparing them to 2 durations learned during a training phase. Experimental participants held a pen in their mouths so as to inhibit imitation of the faces, whereas control participants could imitate freely. Results revealed that participants overestimated the duration of emotional faces relative to the neutral faces only when imitation was possible. Implications for the role of embodiment in emotional perception are discussed. 相似文献
94.
Avoidance Behavior Following Terror Event Exposure: Effects of Perceived Life Threat and Jewish Religious Coping 下载免费PDF全文
Gil Zukerman Liat Korn Ephraim Shapiro Leah Fostick 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2016,55(3):516-530
The current research was designed to examine associations of perceived life threat (PLT) and religious coping with the development of avoidance behavior following terror event exposure. Based upon the terror management theory (TMT), we hypothesized that religious coping, through its effect on religious beliefs as a meaning system, would moderate the impact of threat, as expressed in PLT, on an individual's reaction to terror event exposure, as manifested in avoidance behavior. Participants were 591 Israeli Jewish students who were vicariously or directly exposed to a terror event in the past. We report a significant interaction between PLT and negative religious coping. PLT was positively associated with avoidance behavior but this relationship was more profound among persons who reported high negative religious coping. Secular students reported higher rates of avoidance behavior and negative religious coping and were more likely than religious students to report intrapersonal religious conflict. Our findings suggest that terror event exposure is associated with an elevated sense of threat, which is, at least in part, associated with a weakening of prior religious beliefs. 相似文献
95.
Scholarship on informal discussion of politics and current events has mainly focused on its cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral effects. In comparison, fewer studies have addressed the antecedents of political talk. Using 2‐wave U.S. panel survey data, this study sheds light over 2 sets of motivations people may have for engaging in political conversation: civic‐oriented and social‐oriented goals; and their effects over civic participation. Using structural equation modeling, results suggest that both civic and social motivations are positive predictors of frequency of political discussion, and indirectly associated with civic engagement. From a theoretical perspective, these findings cast political talk as a more complex phenomenon than what deliberative theory suggests, and point to social motivations as an additional path to civic life. 相似文献
96.
Religiosity has been shown to moderate the negative effects of traumatic event experiences. The current study was deigned to examine the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) following traumatic event exposure; world assumptions defined as basic cognitive schemas regarding the world; and self and religious coping conceptualized as drawing on religious beliefs and practices for understanding and dealing with life stressors. This study examined 777 Israeli undergraduate students who completed several questionnaires which sampled individual world assumptions and religious coping in addition to measuring PTS, as manifested by the PTSD check list. Results indicate that positive religious coping was significantly associated with more positive world assumptions, while negative religious coping was significantly associated with more negative world assumptions. Additionally, negative world assumptions were significantly associated with more avoidance symptoms, while reporting higher rates of traumatic event exposure was significantly associated with more hyper-arousal. These findings suggest that religious-related cognitive schemas directly affect world assumptions by creating protective shields that may prevent the negative effects of confronting an extreme negative experience. 相似文献
97.
The culture of gift giving: What do consumers expect from commercial and personal contexts? 下载免费PDF全文
Gift giving forms part of a symbolic exchange ritual that is common to all cultures and all periods of history. The goal of the present study is to explore such acts as exchange processes that seek reciprocity aimed at perpetuating relations. From the standpoint of the recipient, we posit the existence of a pattern of behaviour based on the sequence of perceived value–satisfaction–reciprocity. Findings obtained from a sample of 797 individuals indicate that how this sequence works is shaped by the occasion on which the gift is given, whether on commercial occasions—dates marked out by retailers on which everybody gives gifts—or personal occasions—dates marked by private celebrations. If we bear in mind that the ultimate goal of giving gifts is reciprocity or the intention to give in return, choosing an appropriate value may prove to be of particular interest in commercial terms for givers (buyers), recipients (users) and firms (influencers). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
Gil Diesendruck Dana Birnbaum Inas Deeb Gili Segall 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(4):546-560
There are conflicting findings regarding the development of essentialist beliefs about social categories. The present studies address these findings by differentiating between the developments of the relative versus absolute essentialist status of categories. Participants were Israeli Secular Jewish and Muslim Arab kindergarteners, second graders, and sixth graders. Study 1 asked children which among alternative properties of a parent was most likely to transfer to a child. Findings showed that while kindergarteners did not systematically discriminate among properties, second and sixth graders privileged ethnicity. Study 2 asked children whether membership in various social categories was biologically or environmentally determined. Findings showed that kindergarteners and second graders, but not sixth graders, believed ethnicity to be biologically inherited. These results are discussed vis-à-vis different theories about the origins of social essentialism. 相似文献
99.
S. R. Dey L. Germain M. Humbert S. Suwas E. Bouzy 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(9):463-471
We propose and describe a method for determining the orientation of parent body-centred cubic (bcc) β grains at high temperatures from the orientations of the orthorhombic variants observed at room temperature as applied to the case of high-Nb-containing Ti3Al-based alloys. The method is based on knowledge of the orientation relationship between the parent and inherited phase. By averaging, the procedure enables determination of the most probable parent orientation using an approximate orientation relationship. The β?→?O transformation in Ti3Al-based Ti–22Al–25Nb alloy is very suitable for checking the relevance and effectiveness of the method because, in this case, after certain processing, some β-phase is retained at room temperature. 相似文献
100.
R. Ganzarain H. Davanzo J. Cizaletti I. Matte-Blanco G. Gil F. Oyarzún 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(2):137-153
Group-as-a-whole theory is a relational paradigm of some complexity. Despite the growing popularity of this perspective, there is abiding confusion about the essence of group-as-a-whole practice and whether the approach attends sufficiently to members and part processes. The threefold aims of this article are to (a) show how group-centered thinking differs essentially from traditional psychodynamic theory that relies heavily on familial dynamics, interpretation, and transference analysis; (b) present the mind-set and working principles for a generic treatment that specifically utilizes collective forces generated in the context of the group matrix; and (c) compare and contrast the thrust of recent dyadic relational therapies with group therapy generally and the group-as-a-whole approach more particularly. The relationship between the whole (group) and its parts (members and what they bring) is detailed and demonstrated as it appears in the context of fused, affiliated, fragmented, and differentiated groups. 相似文献