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241.
Young People's Creative and Performing Arts Participation and Arts Self‐concept: A Longitudinal Study of Reciprocal Effects 下载免费PDF全文
Marianne Mansour Andrew J. Martin Michael Anderson Robyn Gibson Gregory A.D. Liem David Sudmalis 《创造性行为杂志》2018,52(3):240-255
This longitudinal study examines the relationship between young people's creative and performing arts participation (e.g., in dance, drama, film, music, visual arts) and their arts self‐concept. Drawing on the positive youth development (PYD) framework and the reciprocal effects model (REM) of self‐concept, a cross‐lagged panel design is implemented to explore the connections between arts self‐concept and each of school (e.g., school‐based arts instruction), home (e.g., parent–child arts interaction), and community (e.g., out‐of‐school arts instruction) creative and performing arts participation. The study drew on an Australian sample of 643 elementary and high school students from 15 schools. Analyses showed that beyond the effects of socio‐demographics and prior achievement, there are longitudinal associations (including reciprocal effects) between numerous forms of creative and performing arts participation and arts self‐concept. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
242.
Closing the Gap in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth Suicide: A Social–Emotional Wellbeing Service Innovation Project 下载免费PDF全文
Delaney Michael Skerrett Mandy Gibson Leilani Darwin Suzie Lewis Rahm Rallah Diego De Leo 《Australian psychologist》2018,53(1):13-22
Objective
The suicide rate for Queensland's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people is over four times that of their non‐Indigenous counterparts, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (under 15) dying by suicide at 12 times the non‐Indigenous rate. There is a need for interventions that are culturally validated and community‐endorsed. The aim of this article is to describe the design and implementation of a group‐based intervention, as well to report the results of the various qualitative and quantitative measures.Method
Sixty‐one Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons aged 11–21 years completed a social–emotional wellbeing (SEWB) program at headspace Inala. Data were available through to 2‐month follow‐up for 49 participants. The program was designed and delivered in collaboration with the local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community.Results
There was a statistically significant decrease in suicidal ideation experienced by the participants after completing the program. Qualitative measures indicated that participants experienced improved understanding of holistic health and an increased number of coping skills.Conclusions
Not only was this the first evaluated intervention in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth to ever report a decrease in individual suicidality, the program was carefully designed and implemented in consultation with community in a culturally sensitive manner and thus provides an invaluable framework for future SEWB work. 相似文献243.
Avoiding the Last Ride: Can DUI Programming Address Multiple Risk Factors to Reduce Recidivism? 下载免费PDF全文
Sandy Gibson Mark Woodford Thomas J. Czeizinger Jr. 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2018,39(2):66-77
A review of DUI education literature reveals weak evidence of effective interventions. New models are suggested that offer a combination of psychoeducation and evidence‐based counseling approaches. Existing DUI programming models are explored with recommendations for areas for future research. 相似文献
244.
245.
Heterospecific cues, such as gaze direction and body position, may be an important source of information that an animal can
use to infer the location of resources like food. The use of heterospecific cues has been largely investigated using primates,
dogs, and other mammals; less is known about whether birds can also use heterospecific gestures. We tested six Clark’s nutcrackers
in a two-way object-choice task using touch, point, and gaze cues to investigate whether these birds can use human gestures
to find food. Most of the birds were able to use a touch gesture during the first trial of testing and were able to learn
to use point and gaze (eyes and head alternation) cues after a limited number of trials. This study is the first to test a
non-social corvid on the object-choice task. The performance of non-social nutcrackers is similar to that of more social and
related corvids, suggesting that species with different evolutionary histories can utilize gestural information. 相似文献
246.
Visual short-term memory plays a key role in guiding behavior, and individual differences in visual short-term memory capacity
are strongly predictive of higher cognitive abilities. To provide a broader evolutionary context for understanding this memory
system, we directly compared the behavior of pigeons and humans on a change detection task. Although pigeons had a lower storage
capacity and a higher lapse rate than humans, both species stored multiple items in short-term memory and conformed to the
same basic performance model. Thus, despite their very different evolutionary histories and neural architectures, pigeons
and humans have functionally similar visual short-term memory systems, suggesting that the functional properties of visual
short-term memory are subject to similar selective pressures across these distant species. 相似文献
247.
Davis GJ Gibson BS 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2012,38(5):1192-1201
Voluntary shifts of attention are often motivated in experimental contexts by using well-known symbols that accurately predict the direction of targets. The authors report 3 experiments, which showed that the presentation of predictive spatial information does not provide sufficient incentive to elicit voluntary shifts of attention. For instance, when allowed to spontaneously choose between using a 100%-valid spatial word cue versus searching without the aid of the cue, observers consistently searched for a unique target without the aid of the cue. Another experiment showed that observers' choice to use spatial word cues could be biased by providing dedicated time to process the cue before the target display appeared (i.e., nonzero, cue-target SOAs). Although this dedicated processing time has routinely been included in spatial cuing experiments, its incentive-inducing role has never been acknowledged. Implications for theories of both voluntary and involuntary control are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
248.
Results from two self-paced reading experiments in English are reported in which subject- and object-extracted relative clauses (SRCs and ORCs, respectively) were presented in contexts that support both types of relative clauses (RCs). Object-extracted versions were read more slowly than subject-extracted versions across both experiments. These results are not consistent with a decay-based working memory account of dependency formation where the amount of decay is a function of the number of new discourse referents that intervene between the dependents (Gibson, 1998; Warren & Gibson, 2002). Rather, these results support interference-based accounts and decay-based accounts where the amount of decay depends on the number of words or on the type of noun phrases that intervene between the dependents. In Experiment 2, presentation in supportive contexts was directly contrasted with presentation in null contexts. Whereas in the null context the extraction effect was only observed during the RC region, in a supportive context the extraction effect was numerically larger and persisted into the following region, thus showing that extraction effects are enhanced in supportive contexts. A sentence completion study demonstrated that the rate of SRCs versus ORCs was similar across null and supportive contexts (with most completions being subject-extractions), ruling out the possibility that an enhanced extraction effect in supportive contexts is due to ORCs being less expected in such contexts. However, the content of the RCs differed between contexts in the completions, such that the RCs produced in supportive contexts were more constrained, reflecting the lexical and semantic content of the preceding context. This effect, which we discuss in terms of expectations/lexico-syntactic priming, suggests that the enhancement of the extraction effect in supportive contexts is due to the facilitation of the subject-extracted condition. 相似文献
249.
We present a general information-theoretic argument that all efficient communication systems will be ambiguous, assuming that context is informative about meaning. We also argue that ambiguity allows for greater ease of processing by permitting efficient linguistic units to be re-used. We test predictions of this theory in English, German, and Dutch. Our results and theoretical analysis suggest that ambiguity is a functional property of language that allows for greater communicative efficiency. This provides theoretical and empirical arguments against recent suggestions that core features of linguistic systems are not designed for communication. 相似文献
250.