排序方式: 共有109条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Jeremy G. Stewart Linda Valeri Erika C. Esposito Randy P. Auerbach 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(3):581-596
Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth worldwide, and depressed adolescents are at a significantly elevated risk to report suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. Peer victimization is a robust predictor of adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), but little research has focused on why bullying leads to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To address this empirical gap, we recruited 340 (246 female) depressed adolescents ages 13–19 (M = 15.59, SD = 1.41) within 48 h of admission for acute psychiatric treatment. At the initial assessment, participants were administered clinical interviews characterizing psychopathology, nonsuicidal self-injury, and STBs (ideation, plans, and attempts). Further, they completed questionnaires assessing 3 forms of victimization (overt, relational, and reputational), recent risky behavior engagement, and psychiatric symptom severity. Controlling for internalizing symptoms and age, overt and reputational bullying were associated with more frequent past month suicide attempts, but not suicide ideation. Past month risky behavior engagement, but not NSSI, mediated the relation between victimization and attempts. However, sex differences revealed that this effect only held for males whereas bullying was directly associated with suicide attempts among females. In contrast, overt and relational bullying were non-linearly associated with suicide plans, and these relations were not mediated by risky behaviors or NSSI. Results highlight the complex network of factors that lead victimized adolescents to engage in STBs and may inform targeted suicide prevention and intervention programs. 相似文献
12.
A meta‐analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber‐victimization with internalizing problems
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aggressive behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
13.
The well-documented advantage that bilingual speakers demonstrate across the lifespan on measures of controlled attention is not observed in preschoolers’ performance on Stroop task variations. We examined the role of task demands in explaining this discrepancy. Whereas the Color/Word Stroop used with adult participants requires interference suppression, the Stroop task typically used with preschoolers requires only response inhibition. We developed an age-appropriate conflict task that measures interference suppression. Fifty-one preschool children (26 bilinguals) completed this new Bivalent Shape Task and the Day/Night task used in previous research. Bilingual in comparison to monolingual children performed better on incongruent trials of the Bivalent Shape Task, but did not differ on other measures. The results indicate that the discrepancy between preschoolers and older individuals in performance on Stroop task adaptations results from characteristics of the task rather than developmental differences. Further, the findings provide additional support for the importance of interference suppression as a mechanism underlying the bilingual advantage. 相似文献
14.
Ponzo illusion has been explained by considering either just the inducing elements present in a restricted area of the visual
field, the same area in which the test elements are located, or the stimulus configuration as a whole in which even the most
distal figural elements – i.e., the external converging lines, here called “Ponzo wedge”– play a crucial role.
The two studies reported here aimed at showing that both global configurational characteristics and inducing elements locally
interacting with the test stimuli can independently affect the illusory effect. This hypothesis was tested using stimuli in
which graphic-inducing elements giving rise to a herringbone pattern (Coren & Girgus, 1978) were drawn in the same area of
the test segments.
Results of Exp. 1 confirmed the effect of the two factors. In particular, both factors proved to determine the illusion, since
they induced illusory effects either in isolation or in the same/opposite direction. In Exp. 2 the relative weight of these
two factors was evaluated in relation to the width of the angle of the inducing elements and to the distance of the test segments
from the vertex. Results showed no linear relationships between the distance of the test segments from the external inducing
elements and the weight of the Ponzo wedge factor.
Received: 25 June 1996 / Accepted: 1 October 1997 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
This research examined the question of whether the psychology of social identity can motivate cooperation in the context of a global collective. Our data came from a multinational study of choice behavior in a multilevel public-goods dilemma conducted among samples drawn from the general populations of the United States, Italy, Russia, Argentina, South Africa, and Iran. Results demonstrate that an inclusive social identification with the world community is a meaningful psychological construct that plays a role in motivating cooperation that transcends parochial interests. Self-reported identification with the world as a whole predicts behavioral contributions to a global public good beyond what is predicted from expectations about what other people are likely to contribute. Furthermore, global social identification is conceptually distinct from general attitudes about global issues, and has unique effects on cooperative behavior. 相似文献
18.
19.
Maria Rosaria A. Muscatello Antonio Bruno Gianluca Pandolfo Umberto Micò Simona Stilo Mariagrazia Scaffidi Pierluigi Consolo Andrea Tortora Socrate Pallio Giuseppa Giacobbe Luigi Familiari Rocco Zoccali 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(1):64-70
The present study aimed to elucidate the differences in depression, anxiety, anger, and quality of life in a sample of non-psychiatric IBS patients, starting from the hypothesis that IBS subtypes may have different symptomatic expressions of negative emotions with different outcomes on quality of life measures. Forty-two constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS) subjects and 44 diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) subjects, after an examination by a gastroenterologist and a total colonoscopy, underwent a clinical interview and psychometric examination for the assessment of depression, anxiety, anger and quality of life. IBS subtypes showed different symptomatic profiles in depression, anxiety and anger, with C-IBS patients more psychologically distressed than D-IBS subjects. Affective and emotional symptoms should be considered as specific and integral to the syndrome, and recognizing the differences between IBS subtypes may have relevant implications for treatment options and clinical outcome. 相似文献
20.
Gianluca Gini Tiziana Pozzoli Francesco Borghi Lara Franzoni 《Journal of School Psychology》2008,46(6):617-638
Two studies employing a mixed experimental design were conducted to determine if perceptions of bullying, attitudes towards victims, and students' sense of safety at school were influenced by bystanders' reactions to different types of bullying. In Study 1, 217 middle-school children were randomly assigned to read a hypothetical scenario describing a direct bullying episode. In Study 2, 376 primary-school children and 390 middle-school children were presented with scenarios describing a direct bullying episode and an indirect bullying episode. In all scenarios, the bystanders' reactions to the bullying and the gender of the victim were manipulated. Participants endorsed the prosocial behavior in favor of the victims and did not endorse pro-bullying behavior. Furthermore, they perceived passive reactions to the bullying as negative behavior. Participants showed positive attitudes towards victims, which were significantly higher at younger grade levels and among girls. Bystanders' behavior influenced both participants' perceptions of the victims and their perceived sense of safety at school. Implications for anti-bullying programs based upon the group ecology are discussed. 相似文献