排序方式: 共有25条查询结果,搜索用时 23 毫秒
21.
22.
23.
Karin J. Bodensteiner Loraina L. Ghiraldi Stephanie S. Miner 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(2):78-99
Female Sprague-Dawley pups were separated from mothers every other day for 8 hr (long-term separation/LTS), 4 hr (short-term separation/STS), or 0 hr (no separation/NS) from postnatal day 2–20. In adulthood, they were mated and tested for maternal behaviors during two lactations. It was expected that females separated from mothers as pups would show deficits in maternal behavior as adults. Contrary to expectations, LTS showed better nest building and grouped young faster during both lactations. LTS were first to display aggression and displayed more aggression during the second lactation. Notably, while some measures decreased from first to second lactation in NS and STS, LTS maintained levels of maternal care. These results suggest that extended periods of maternal separation may exaggerate some aspects of maternal behavior. 相似文献
24.
Over the past several decades, geneticists have succeeded in identifying the genetic mutations associated with disease. New
strategies for treatment, including gene transfer and gene therapy, are under development. Although genetic science has been
welcomed for its potential to predict and treat disease, interventions may become ethically objectionable if they threaten
to alter characteristics that are distinctively human.
Before we can determine whether or not a genetic technique carries this risk, we must clarify what it means to be “human”.
This paper inquires how “humanness” has been defined within various academic fields. The views of several legal theoreists,
scientists, bioethicists, psychologists, philosophers and anthropologists whose works seem to best reflect how “humanness”
is understood in their respective fields of study are considered. Our survey attempts to chart a path for a more detailed
study on the meaning of “humanness” in the future.
We assess four traits commonly identified in the literature as defining what it means to be human: cognition, biological or
physiological composition, social interaction with other “human” beings, and spirituality. The nature of the relationship
between these characteristics, in our view, is symbiotic: genetic intervention which alters one of them could have repercussions
on one or more of the others. In conclusion, we offer guidance to those participating in genetic research and treatment regarding
the parameters within which they may proceed without threatening the preservation of what is distinctively human. 相似文献
25.