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221.
A meta‐analysis was conducted to determine whether nonexperimental studies revealed an association between men's pornography consumption and their attitudes supporting violence against women. The meta‐analysis corrected problems with a previously published meta‐analysis and added more recent findings. In contrast to the earlier meta‐analysis, the current results showed an overall significant positive association between pornography use and attitudes supporting violence against women in nonexperimental studies. In addition, such attitudes were found to correlate significantly higher with the use of sexually violent pornography than with the use of nonviolent pornography, although the latter relationship was also found to be significant. The study resolves what appeared to be a troubling discordance in the literature on pornography and aggressive attitudes by showing that the conclusions from nonexperimental studies in the area are in fact fully consistent with those of their counterpart experimental studies. This finding has important implications for the overall literature on pornography and aggression. Aggr. Behav. 36:14–20, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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223.
Gert J. Van Der Wilt 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1995,16(3):291-316
Medical technology assessment deals with the evaluation of novel or existing health care procedures. This paper addresses the interdependence between factual and normative issues, using the controversies about acceptability and desirability of reduced-size liver transplantations with living donors as example. 相似文献
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225.
This article addresses some methodological questions that are at stake in assessing the influence of the ideas of John Dewey
on the renewal of European education in the twentieth century, using examples from the history of Dutch education. It is argued
that in this kind of research the focus should not be on the process of influence as such, but rather on the activity of reception.
This, in turn, requires a contextual reconstruction of the interaction between Deweyan ideas and practices and existing ones.
The case studies presented in this article exemplify the more general methodological observations. They not only provide an
insight in the role of Deweyan ideas and practices in the development of Dutch education but also make clear for what reasons,
mostly unrelated to the significance of Dewey’s work, these ideas and practices did not have any lasting influence on the
development of Dutch education, both on the level of early childhood education and primary and secondary schools. 相似文献
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227.
This paper focuses on theguppy effect (Osherson & Smith, 1981), that is, on the existence of examples of conjunctive concepts that are more typical of the conjunction than of both constituents. The most frequently given examples of this effect,guppy andgoldfish, are shown not to be more typical of the conjunctionpet fish than offish in two between-subjects and one within-subjects experiment. The frequency of the effect in a large empirical study is investigated, and better examples of the effect are suggested. 相似文献
228.
Gert -Jan C. Lokhorst 《Studia Logica》1996,57(1):221-237
We describe a new way in which theories about the deontic status of actions can be represented in terms of the standard two-sorted first-order extensional predicate calculus. Some of the resulting formal theories are easy to implement in Prolog; one prototype implementation—R. M. Lee's deontic expert shell DX—is briefly described.This research was partially supported by the Esprit III Basic Research Working Group No. 8319 ModelAge. 相似文献
229.
In two studies, we investigated to what extent typicalities in conjunctive concepts phrased as relative clauses—such aspets that are also birds—can be predicted from simple functions of constituent typicalities and from extensions of such functions. In a first study, analyses of a large aggregated data set, based on seven different experiments, showed that a calibrated minimum rule model and some extensions of this model accounted for a very large part of the variance in the conjunction typicalities. The same models can also account for the so-called guppy effect. A psychological explanation is presented, which states that typicalities in contrast categories, likepets that are not birds andbirds that are not pets, further improve the prediction of conjunction typicalities. This hypothesis is tested in a second study. 相似文献
230.
Gert ten Hoopen Leo Boelaarts Annette Gruisen Iwahn Apon Karen Donders Nico Mul Simone Akerboom 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,56(1):110-120
Nakao and Axelrod (1976) and van Noorden (1975) showed that the threshold for discriminating an anisochronous duple rhythm (a series of clicks with a temporal offset on every other one) from an isochronous rhythm (no offset) is poorer when the clicks are presented alternately to the two ears than when they are presented to the same ears. Van Noorden reported that the difference between the thresholds in the alternating and nonalternating conditions varied with the tempo of the sequence. Nakao and Axelrod found invariance of this threshold difference with sequence speed. According to our quantification of temporal processing of interaural sequences, the latter result should be expected. We carried out five psychophysical experiments to establish interaural and monaural discrimination between isochronous and anisochronous rhythms. Across experiments, base time intervals of 60–720 msec were spanned. The main result was that we replicated the poorer discrimination for interaural sequences. This deterioration in discrimination was the same for all sequence speeds. It was also the case that the thresholds were almost constant up to a sound repetition rate of about 3 per second, but increased linearly with slower rates. This result supports evidence in the literature that temporal processing of sequences faster than about 3–4 sounds per second differs from temporal processing of slower sequences. 相似文献