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171.
Munetomo Nakata M.D. Jiro Mukawa Gerhard H. Fromm 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1993,28(4):343-352
Since Berger’s discovery of the electroencephalogram (EEG), its analysis has been generally restricted to the visual range
(upmost 100Hz) and has ignored higher frequency components. One reason should be that there are no reliable methods to distinguish
the brain potentials from muscle activity. We have introduced fluctuation analysis, which is popular method especially in
the field of basic physiology to clinical electrophysiology. In our previous study, it was declared that power spectral density
(PSD) of human high frequency EEG was composed of double Lorentzians and vanished into white level within 1kHz. Then the purpose
of this study is to elucidate the “Automated Fluctuation Analysis,” which enables us to evaluate these higher frequency components
and its physiological meaning especially focused on conscious level from wakefulness to sleep stage 1. Seventy-four scalp
recording EEGs in twenty normal subjects were studied. In short, “Automated Fluctuation Analysis” is made of three steps:
amplification of EEG signal, A/D conversion and Fast Fourier Transform by signal processor and extraction of Lorentzian parameters.
PSD of high frequency EEG was displayed on log-log graph and the algorithm fit to the following Lorentzian formula were mathematically
based on Brown & Dennis. S(f)=S1/ [1+(f/fc1)2] + S2/ [1+(f/fc2)2], where S(f) is PSD (μ V2/Hz) at each frequency (f;Hz), S1 and S2 are the plateau level or zero-frequency power of the initial and second Lorentz,
and fc1 and fc2 are the corner or half-power frequency of the initial and second Lorentz, respectively. As results, during wakefulness the
PSD of high frequency EEG activity was composed of double Lorentzian fluctuations and the power distribution of S1 value in
topographical display was frontal dominant. This pattern of S1 value disappeared and S2 value became lower during sleepiness
and the second Lorentz disappeared during sleep. 相似文献
172.
Recent research showed that individuals are perceived as more attractive when presented with the color red. We seek to extend these findings by studying the effects of red color on individuals' perception of self‐attractiveness, rather than the attractiveness of others. Based on the color‐in‐context theory, we hypothesized that individuals would perceive themselves as more attractive under red chromatic conditions. In three experiments, participants were asked to wear a red or a blue shirt and rated their own attractiveness. As expected, participants in the red shirt condition indicated a higher level of self‐attractiveness than participants in the blue condition. Moreover, the results showed that the self‐perception red effect was mediated by the individuals' self‐perceived sexual receptivity and self‐perceived status. 相似文献
173.
174.
175.
Journal for General Philosophy of Science - Der Wissenschaftsbegriff kann nicht einseitig auf den Begriff von „science“ eingeengt werden. Eine strenge Scheidung in... 相似文献
176.
177.
Background
The revision of the psychotherapy guidelines in 2011 broadened the options for treating substance use disorders (SUD) in outpatient psychotherapy (OP).Aim
The aims of this study were to answer the following questions: how frequently are SUDs treated in OP? What opinions do psychotherapists (PT) hold concerning the new treatment possibilities?Material and methods
In this study the frequency of OP for patients with SUD, e.g. harmful use and abuse of as well as dependence on psychotropic substances according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), by private practice PTs as well as their attitude towards the treatment of patients with these diagnoses were investigated. Private practice PTs in five states in East Germany were asked to participate in a postal survey.Results
Of the 1,382 PTs contacted, 229 (16.6 %) participated in the study. Of the respondents 94.3 % had treated at least one patient with SUD (4-week prevalence including nicotine dependence). These rates ranged from 3.1 % to 26.6 % depending on the substance and diagnosis (SUD as primary reason for treatment). The highest rates of strong affirmation for OP of approximately 20?% were found for disorders related to alcohol, tobacco and medication.Conclusion
Most PTs treated at least one patient with SUD in OP. However, this particular type of treatment offer should be further extended. Information about the options of treating SUD in OP should be further disseminated and conducting such treatment should be supported by (e.g.) therapist training. 相似文献178.
Dr. med. Josef Sachs PD Dr. med. habil. Elmar Habermeyer Dr. med. Gerhard Ebner M.H.A. 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2014,8(1):34-40
The practice of civil expert opinions in Switzerland is in a period of upheaval due to fundamental alterations regarding the legal foundations which were implemented on 1 January 2013. The new civil code displaces the authority to order measures which restrict people’s liberty based on an endangerment to themselves or third parties from a lay institution to a newly created expert committee. Moreover, patient’s rights are greatly enhanced. The subsequent consequences for expert opinion activities are not yet appraisable. The development in the practice of insurance legal expert opinion is influenced by new legal measures which aim at reducing the growing number of new disability retirements most notably due to psychiatric disorders. In contrast to the civil area there are already clearly defined standards for the insurance legal area which were established by the Swiss Society of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy in 2012. The legal foundations as well as the practice of expert opinions in the context of the Swiss civil and insurance law are comparable with the German situation but there are still some important differences related to the content and terminology. This paper outlines the current situation and recent developments in Switzerland as well as pointing out differences in comparison to Germany. 相似文献
179.
Juan-Claude Lemmens Gerhard I. du Plessis David J.F. Maree 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2013,23(4):615-621
This study investigated readiness as a correlate of academic success among beginning university students. A total of 829 first-time entering students from a large business sciences faculty were participants (males = 319, females = 510, mean age = 19, SD = 0.50 years). They completed the Academic Readiness Questionnaire (Lemmens, 2010) during the first-year orientation week. Data on academic success, consisting of subject marks and credits were collected in 2009 after a results verification process. Data were analysed with three separate multiple regression analyses. The first analysis consisted of the overall student sample, the second and third consisted of the black and the white students separated from the overall student sample. The main findings reveal that high school marks, the number of subjects in first year (credits registered), goal orientation, race, learning-efficacy, gender and the geographical area of high school have a direct relationship with academic success. The variables that predict academic success for black students are high school marks, credits registered, and parental education. The variables that predict academic success for white students are high school marks, goal orientation, credits registered, learning-efficacy, gender, and parental education. 相似文献
180.
Al–Pb ribbons containing 1?at.%?Pb have been produced by melt-spinning and subsequently investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the lattice mismatch of about 22% between the nanometre-sized Pb inclusions and the surrounding Al matrix is accommodated by a periodic array of misfit dislocations at the Al–Pb interface. The closing failures of Burgers circuits drawn around misfit dislocations on {111} and {100} facets identify the corresponding Burgers vectors as (a 0/4)? 211 ? and (a 0/2)? 110?, respectively. The Burgers vector of (a 0/4)? 211? corresponds to the projected edge part of a 60° (a 0/2)? 110? dislocation. The Pb inclusions themselves appear to be free of defects. 相似文献