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371.
In this paper we present evidence in support of the hypothesis that the average person's knowledge about trees, and about the natural world in general, has declined during the 20th century. Our investigations are based on examination of a large sample of written material from the 16th through 20th centuries contained in the Oxford English Dictionary. In Analysis 1, we show a precipitous decline in the use of tree terms after, but not before, the 19th century. In Analysis 2, we analyze tree terms at different levels of organization and show that the decline observed in Analysis 1 occurs for all levels of organization. This second analysis also reveals that during the 16th to 19th centuries tree terms became progressively more specific, suggesting that during these periods knowledge about trees increased. In Analysis 3, we show similar rates of decline in other folkbiological categories, indicating that the change in tree terms reflects a general decline in knowledge about living kinds. Also in Analysis 3, we show that several non-biological categories have experienced evolution during the 20th century, indicating that the declines in the 20th century for folkbiological categories are not an inevitable outcome of the corpus. Finally, Analysis 4 also shows declines in the frequency of quotations for which the tree term was not the topic of the sentence, and thus incidental to the purposes of the writer. The results from Analysis 4 reassure us that the results from Analyses 1-3 were not solely due to change in the aims and purposes of writers over the centuries. In sum, the analyses indicate that in the domain of trees, there has been a long and sustained period of conceptual evolution followed by a recent pronounced period of devolution. 相似文献
372.
Journal for General Philosophy of Science - 相似文献
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374.
Journal for General Philosophy of Science - 相似文献
375.
376.
J. G. Wolff J. Delacour R. H. S. Carpenter G. S. Brindley 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1968,20(1):1-10
When alternating current of frequency up to 210 c's. is passed through the eye while the retina is brightly and uniformly illuminated, conspicuous spatial patterns are seen. Other such patterns are seen when current of frequency up to 100 c/s. is passed through the eye in darkness. These patterns are here described, and their origin is discussed. 相似文献
377.
Gerhard Strube 《Psychological research》1982,44(1):45-49
Summary Models of auditory localization-lateralization assume either a single or different neural systems for the processing of binaural time delay and intensity differences. An experiment was conducted, making use of the effect of sensory adaptation. The results are in favour of assuming a single system which processes both temporal and intensity cues in binaural stimulation. 相似文献
378.
Joseph L. Wolff 《Intelligence》1979,3(2):139-148
Comparisons of the mean IQs of Northern and Southern blacks have consistently shown a 7–12 point difference favoring the former group. Explanations of this difference have been highly polarized. Hereditarians have generally favored an hypothesis of selective migration; environmentalists have tended to ascribe the difference to such environmental causes as education, discrimination and cultural deprivation. Two studies (Klineberg, 1935; Lee, 1951) have been interpreted by many commentators as decisively vindicating the environmentalist position. In this paper this interpretation is questioned and certain neglected features of Lee's (1951) data are construed as providing strong evidence for selective migration. 相似文献
379.
380.
Philosophia - The last few years have seen increasing research interest in moods and atmospheres. While this trend has been accompanied by growing interest in the history of the word Stimmung in... 相似文献