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161.
Dervic K Gould MS Lenz G Kleinman M Akkaya-Kalayci T Velting D Sonneck G Friedrich MH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2006,36(5):539-552
The prevalence of suicide risk factors and attitudes about suicide and help-seeking among New York and Viennese adolescents were compared in order to explore possible cross-cultural differences. Viennese adolescents exhibited higher rates of depressive symptomatology than their New York counterparts and had more first-hand experience with suicidal peers. More attribution of suicide to mental illness was reported in Vienna; yet Viennese youth were less likely than New York adolescents to recognize the seriousness of suicide threats. Help-seeking patterns of Viennese adolescents were influenced by their setting a high value on confidentiality. These cross-cultural differences may reflect the limited exposure of Austrian youth to school-based suicide prevention programs. The findings highlight the need of taking the sociocultural context into consideration in the planning of youth suicide prevention strategies. 相似文献
162.
A recent theory suggests that the agency facet of Extraversion (E) is based on brain dopamine (DA). The paucity of human data relevant to this model is probably due to the lack of widely accessible noninvasive psychophysiological indices and well-established behavioral measures sensitive to both E and manipulations of DA activity. Aiming to identify such measures, the authors assessed the electroencephalogram and n-back task performance in groups of introverts and extraverts after administration of either placebo or a selective DA D2 receptor antagonist. As predicted, the antagonist's effects on n-back reaction time measures and frontal versus parietal electroencephalogram theta activity were strongly and specifically modulated by E. New research avenues and theoretical extensions suggested by these results are discussed. 相似文献
163.
164.
Zusammenfassung
Somatisierung meint die Erfahrung und den Bericht von k?rperlichen Beschwerden, für die kein hinreichender medizinischer Befund
vorliegt, verbunden mit einem hohen Ausma? von organ-medizinischer Hilfesuche. Gegenüber früheren Definitionen, die st?rker
auf psychosoziale Faktoren bei der Somatisierung abheben, wird gegenw?rtig eine ausschlie?lich beschreibende Begriffsfestlegung
bevorzugt. Somatisierung liegt als Normenvariante bis zur schweren pathologischen Auspr?gung vor. Die ICD-10 fa?t sehr heterogene
Krankheitsbilder von Somatisierung in der Klasse der somatoformen St?rungen zusammen. Fraglich ist, ob Somatisierung eher
als Proze? denn als diskrete Krankheitseinheit zu konzeptualisieren ist. Somatisierung enth?lt drei Komponenten: Auf der Wahrnehmungsebene erh?hte Sensibilit?t gegenüber K?rpersensationen (“somatosensorische Amplifikation”), auf der Erlebensebene negative Affekte in Form von psychischem und somatischen Distre?erleben, auf der Verhaltensebene inad?quate Inanspruchnahme der Gesundheitsressourcen (“abnormes Krankheitsverhalten”). Trotz z. T. vielversprechender Behandlungsvorschl?te
unter verhaltenstherapeutischer, psychodynamischer und psychoedukativer Orientierung erscheint die Prognose von Somatisierung
bisher wenig günstig. Es gibt Hinweise, da? der Sicherung der therapeutischen Beziehung besondere Bedeutung für den Behandlungserfolg
zukommt.
相似文献
165.
Gerhard Schurz 《Erkenntnis》1982,17(3):321-347
The present paper first shows that the validity of deductive-nomological (D-N) explanations (systematizations) depends in general on the interpretation context of the predicates involved in the explanation. Therefore, no logical-semantical model can be adequate. This problem is solved by relativisation of the validity criteria on both the confirmation context and the definition context of the premisses. Based upon this, a logical-pragmatical model of D-N explanation is developed. Thereby, especially explanations of laws and global explanations are taken into consideration, since these can be regarded as prototypes of scientific explanation.
Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer Dissertation. Prof. Haller, dem Dissertationsleiter, sowie Prof. Lehrer und Prof. Körner seien für viele Anregungen gedankt. 相似文献
Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer Dissertation. Prof. Haller, dem Dissertationsleiter, sowie Prof. Lehrer und Prof. Körner seien für viele Anregungen gedankt. 相似文献
166.
In a study spanning 5 years, data were collected on the aggressiveness of over 1,700 male and female subjects. Subjects who were the more aggressive grade 8 (standard 6) pupils at the beginning of the study were discovered to be the more aggressive grade 12 (standard 10) pupils. It is concluded that, whatever its causes, aggression can be viewed as a persistent trait that may be influenced by situational variables but reveals substantial consistency over time. The findings of studies by Huesmann and Eron in the United States as well as Olweus in Scandinavia were thus supported in this South African investigation. 相似文献
167.
Consider a multivariate context withp variates andk independent samples, each of sizen. To test equality of thek population covariance matrices, the likelihood ratio test is commonly employed. Box'sF-approximation to the null distribution of the test statistic can be used to computep-values, if sample sizes are not too small. It is suggested to regard theF-approximation as accurate if the sample sizesn are greater than or equal to 1+0.0613p
2+2.7265p-1.4182p
0.5+0.235p
1.4* In (k), for 5p30,k20.This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Ste 405/2-1. 相似文献
168.
A comprehensive model for describing various forms of developments in science is defined in precise, set-theoretic terms, and in the spirit of the structuralist approach in the philosophy of science. The model emends previous accounts in centering on single systems in a homogenous way, eliminating notions which essentially refer to sets of systems. This is achieved by eliminating the distinction between theoretical and non-theoretical terms as a primitive, and by introducing the notion of intended links. The force of the model is demonstrated by formally incorporating many of the important, precise meta-theoretic concepts occurring in the literature.This paper was written under DFG project Ba 678/3-2. 相似文献
169.
Munetomo Nakata M.D. Jiro Mukawa Gerhard H. Fromm 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1993,28(4):343-352
Since Berger’s discovery of the electroencephalogram (EEG), its analysis has been generally restricted to the visual range
(upmost 100Hz) and has ignored higher frequency components. One reason should be that there are no reliable methods to distinguish
the brain potentials from muscle activity. We have introduced fluctuation analysis, which is popular method especially in
the field of basic physiology to clinical electrophysiology. In our previous study, it was declared that power spectral density
(PSD) of human high frequency EEG was composed of double Lorentzians and vanished into white level within 1kHz. Then the purpose
of this study is to elucidate the “Automated Fluctuation Analysis,” which enables us to evaluate these higher frequency components
and its physiological meaning especially focused on conscious level from wakefulness to sleep stage 1. Seventy-four scalp
recording EEGs in twenty normal subjects were studied. In short, “Automated Fluctuation Analysis” is made of three steps:
amplification of EEG signal, A/D conversion and Fast Fourier Transform by signal processor and extraction of Lorentzian parameters.
PSD of high frequency EEG was displayed on log-log graph and the algorithm fit to the following Lorentzian formula were mathematically
based on Brown & Dennis. S(f)=S1/ [1+(f/fc1)2] + S2/ [1+(f/fc2)2], where S(f) is PSD (μ V2/Hz) at each frequency (f;Hz), S1 and S2 are the plateau level or zero-frequency power of the initial and second Lorentz,
and fc1 and fc2 are the corner or half-power frequency of the initial and second Lorentz, respectively. As results, during wakefulness the
PSD of high frequency EEG activity was composed of double Lorentzian fluctuations and the power distribution of S1 value in
topographical display was frontal dominant. This pattern of S1 value disappeared and S2 value became lower during sleepiness
and the second Lorentz disappeared during sleep. 相似文献
170.
Marketing has long rested on the use of market segmentation. While birth age has been a useful way to create groups, it describes segments but in itself does not help to understand segment motivations. Environmental events experienced during one's coming‐of‐age years, however, create values that remain relatively unchanged throughout one's life. Such values provide a common bond for those in that age group, or cohort. Segmenting by ‘coming‐of‐age’ age provides a richer segmentation approach than birth age. This approach, known to work in America, is used in this paper to create generational cohorts in Russia and in Brazil. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd. 相似文献