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181.
Munetomo Nakata M.D. Jiro Mukawa Gerhard H. Fromm 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1993,28(4):343-352
Since Berger’s discovery of the electroencephalogram (EEG), its analysis has been generally restricted to the visual range
(upmost 100Hz) and has ignored higher frequency components. One reason should be that there are no reliable methods to distinguish
the brain potentials from muscle activity. We have introduced fluctuation analysis, which is popular method especially in
the field of basic physiology to clinical electrophysiology. In our previous study, it was declared that power spectral density
(PSD) of human high frequency EEG was composed of double Lorentzians and vanished into white level within 1kHz. Then the purpose
of this study is to elucidate the “Automated Fluctuation Analysis,” which enables us to evaluate these higher frequency components
and its physiological meaning especially focused on conscious level from wakefulness to sleep stage 1. Seventy-four scalp
recording EEGs in twenty normal subjects were studied. In short, “Automated Fluctuation Analysis” is made of three steps:
amplification of EEG signal, A/D conversion and Fast Fourier Transform by signal processor and extraction of Lorentzian parameters.
PSD of high frequency EEG was displayed on log-log graph and the algorithm fit to the following Lorentzian formula were mathematically
based on Brown & Dennis. S(f)=S1/ [1+(f/fc1)2] + S2/ [1+(f/fc2)2], where S(f) is PSD (μ V2/Hz) at each frequency (f;Hz), S1 and S2 are the plateau level or zero-frequency power of the initial and second Lorentz,
and fc1 and fc2 are the corner or half-power frequency of the initial and second Lorentz, respectively. As results, during wakefulness the
PSD of high frequency EEG activity was composed of double Lorentzian fluctuations and the power distribution of S1 value in
topographical display was frontal dominant. This pattern of S1 value disappeared and S2 value became lower during sleepiness
and the second Lorentz disappeared during sleep. 相似文献
182.
Journal for General Philosophy of Science - Der Wissenschaftsbegriff kann nicht einseitig auf den Begriff von „science“ eingeengt werden. Eine strenge Scheidung in... 相似文献
183.
184.
Background
The revision of the psychotherapy guidelines in 2011 broadened the options for treating substance use disorders (SUD) in outpatient psychotherapy (OP).Aim
The aims of this study were to answer the following questions: how frequently are SUDs treated in OP? What opinions do psychotherapists (PT) hold concerning the new treatment possibilities?Material and methods
In this study the frequency of OP for patients with SUD, e.g. harmful use and abuse of as well as dependence on psychotropic substances according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), by private practice PTs as well as their attitude towards the treatment of patients with these diagnoses were investigated. Private practice PTs in five states in East Germany were asked to participate in a postal survey.Results
Of the 1,382 PTs contacted, 229 (16.6 %) participated in the study. Of the respondents 94.3 % had treated at least one patient with SUD (4-week prevalence including nicotine dependence). These rates ranged from 3.1 % to 26.6 % depending on the substance and diagnosis (SUD as primary reason for treatment). The highest rates of strong affirmation for OP of approximately 20?% were found for disorders related to alcohol, tobacco and medication.Conclusion
Most PTs treated at least one patient with SUD in OP. However, this particular type of treatment offer should be further extended. Information about the options of treating SUD in OP should be further disseminated and conducting such treatment should be supported by (e.g.) therapist training. 相似文献185.
Dr. med. Josef Sachs PD Dr. med. habil. Elmar Habermeyer Dr. med. Gerhard Ebner M.H.A. 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2014,8(1):34-40
The practice of civil expert opinions in Switzerland is in a period of upheaval due to fundamental alterations regarding the legal foundations which were implemented on 1 January 2013. The new civil code displaces the authority to order measures which restrict people’s liberty based on an endangerment to themselves or third parties from a lay institution to a newly created expert committee. Moreover, patient’s rights are greatly enhanced. The subsequent consequences for expert opinion activities are not yet appraisable. The development in the practice of insurance legal expert opinion is influenced by new legal measures which aim at reducing the growing number of new disability retirements most notably due to psychiatric disorders. In contrast to the civil area there are already clearly defined standards for the insurance legal area which were established by the Swiss Society of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy in 2012. The legal foundations as well as the practice of expert opinions in the context of the Swiss civil and insurance law are comparable with the German situation but there are still some important differences related to the content and terminology. This paper outlines the current situation and recent developments in Switzerland as well as pointing out differences in comparison to Germany. 相似文献
186.
Juan-Claude Lemmens Gerhard I. du Plessis David J.F. Maree 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2013,23(4):615-621
This study investigated readiness as a correlate of academic success among beginning university students. A total of 829 first-time entering students from a large business sciences faculty were participants (males = 319, females = 510, mean age = 19, SD = 0.50 years). They completed the Academic Readiness Questionnaire (Lemmens, 2010) during the first-year orientation week. Data on academic success, consisting of subject marks and credits were collected in 2009 after a results verification process. Data were analysed with three separate multiple regression analyses. The first analysis consisted of the overall student sample, the second and third consisted of the black and the white students separated from the overall student sample. The main findings reveal that high school marks, the number of subjects in first year (credits registered), goal orientation, race, learning-efficacy, gender and the geographical area of high school have a direct relationship with academic success. The variables that predict academic success for black students are high school marks, credits registered, and parental education. The variables that predict academic success for white students are high school marks, goal orientation, credits registered, learning-efficacy, gender, and parental education. 相似文献
187.
Al–Pb ribbons containing 1?at.%?Pb have been produced by melt-spinning and subsequently investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the lattice mismatch of about 22% between the nanometre-sized Pb inclusions and the surrounding Al matrix is accommodated by a periodic array of misfit dislocations at the Al–Pb interface. The closing failures of Burgers circuits drawn around misfit dislocations on {111} and {100} facets identify the corresponding Burgers vectors as (a 0/4)? 211 ? and (a 0/2)? 110?, respectively. The Burgers vector of (a 0/4)? 211? corresponds to the projected edge part of a 60° (a 0/2)? 110? dislocation. The Pb inclusions themselves appear to be free of defects. 相似文献
188.
Sebastian Poloczek Lucy A. Henry David J. Messer Gerhard Büttner 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(6):758-771
ABSTRACTUse of verbal rehearsal is a key issue in memory development. However, we still lack detailed and triangulated information about the early development and the circumstances in which different forms of rehearsal are used. To further understand significant factors that affect children’s use of various forms of rehearsal, the present study involving 108 primary school children adopted a multi-method approach. It combined a carefully chosen word length effect method with a self-paced presentation time method to obtain behavioural indicators of verbal rehearsal. In addition, subsequent trial-by-trial self-reports were gathered. Word length effects in recall suggested that phonological recoding (converting images to names – a necessary precursor for rehearsal) took place, with evidence of more rehearsal among children with higher performance levels. According to self-paced presentation times, cumulative rehearsal was the dominant form of rehearsal only for children with higher spans on difficult trials. The combined results of self-paced times and word length effects in recall suggest that “naming” as simple form of rehearsal was dominant for most children. Self-reports were in line with these conclusions. Additionally, children used a mixture of strategies with considerable intra-individual variability, yet strategy use was nevertheless linked to age as well as performance levels. 相似文献
189.
Fredrik Holländare Susanne A. Anthony Mia Randestad Maria Tillfors Per Carlbring Gerhard Andersson Ingemar Engström 《Behaviour research and therapy》2013
The objective of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of internet-based relapse prevention for sufferers of partially remitted depression. Eighty-four individuals with partially remitted unipolar depression were randomized to either internet-based CBT (iCBT) or to a control group. After the ten week intervention period the participants were followed for 24 months and diagnostic interviews conducted to detect relapse. The intervention and monthly self-ratings of depressive symptoms were administered via an internet-based platform that ensured secure communication with all participants. Significantly fewer participants in the iCBT group had experienced a relapse compared with those in the control group two years after the internet-based intervention. The relapse rate in the iCBT group was 13.7% (CI 95% = 2.5–24.9) and in the control group it was 60.9% (CI 95% = 44.8–77). Furthermore, a significantly larger proportion of the iCBT group experienced remission two years after the intervention compared with the control group. Internet-based CBT seems promising for preventing relapse in sufferers of partially remitted depression. 相似文献
190.
Erik Hedman Nils Lindefors Gerhard Andersson Erik Andersson Mats Lekander Christian Rück Brjánn Ljótsson 《Behaviour research and therapy》2013
Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for severe health anxiety can be effective, but not all patients achieve full remission. Under these circumstances, knowledge about predictors is essential for the clinician in order to make reliable treatment recommendations. The primary aim of this study was to investigate clinical, demographic, and therapy process-related predictors of Internet-based CBT for severe health anxiety. We performed three types of analyses on data from a sample comprising participants (N = 81) who had received Internet-based CBT in a randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were a) end state health anxiety, b) improvement in health anxiety (continuous change scores), and c) clinically significant improvement. Outcomes were assessed at six-month follow-up. The results showed that the most stable predictors of both end state health anxiety and improvement were baseline health anxiety and depressive symptoms. Treatment adherence, i.e. the number of completed treatment modules, also significantly predicted outcome. Notably, health anxiety at baseline was positively associated with symptom improvement while depressive symptoms was negatively related to improvement. Demographic factors were largely without significant impact on end state symptoms or improvement. We conclude that baseline symptom burden and adherence to treatment have strong predictive effects in Internet-based CBT for severe health anxiety. 相似文献