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341.
342.
Tinnitus is the perception of sounds (often ringing or buzzing) in the absence of any external auditory stimulation, hence sometimes called a ''phantom auditory perception''. Although most people tend to ignore their tinnitus, a significant proportion will show marked annoyance and reduced quality of life as a result of this complaint. It is difficult to predict those who are likely to develop severe problems with tinnitus, but psychosocial aspects such as anxiety and depression have been proposed as mediators. In this study we investigated the role of anxiety sensitivity defined as a trait tendency to fear anxietyrelated sensations. The study sample included 146 tinnitus patients with moderate to severe tinnitus. Results showed that anxiety sensitivity correlated significantly with tinnitus distress, but the association was significantly stronger in female participants who also displayed more signs of anxiety sensitivity. A multiple regression analysis revealed that anxiety sensitivity contributed to explained variance in tinnitus distress beyond audiological measures of tinnitus maskability and hearing thresholds. These results are discussed in light of related investigations on the role of anxiety sensitivity in somatic conditions. 相似文献
343.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in skin conductance response between 2 groups of military personnel when exposed to emotionally neutral and charged stimuli. The 2 groups were a combat experience group (n?=?10) with prior experience of emotionally charged war situations and a comparison group (n?=?10) with no such experience. Results showed that the comparison group reacted more strongly to exposure to both charged and neutral pictures than did the combat experience group, regardless of exposure time. The results are discussed in terms of emotional numbing and differences in anxiety state between the 2 groups. 相似文献
344.
Gerhard Blickle Corinna Diekmann Paula B. Schneider Yvonne Kalthöfer James K. Summers 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(6):899-922
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of employees' upward self-presentation through modesty and political skill on their subsequent career success. Study 1 used a predictive design over a 3 year period with 141 employees, controlling for age, gender, and self-esteem. Political skill positively moderated the relationship between employees' upward modesty and career success (attained position, career satisfaction) after 3 years. Study 2 (n = 132 employees) provided construct validation, demonstrating high discriminant validity of the impression management through modesty scale used in Study 1 with a trait-modesty scale, thus attenuating rival explanations of the findings in Study 1. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research are discussed. 相似文献
345.
Gerhard Müller-Strahl 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2013,44(1):127-152
In this study the notion of mechanistic entities is analyzed as it has been conceptualized by Hermann Lotze in his article Life. Vital Force (1842), the metaphysical foundation of which has recourse to his Metaphysik (1841) and Logik (1843). According to Lotze, explanations in the sciences are arguments which have a syntactic and a semantic structure—similar to that which became later known as the DN-model of explanation. The syntactic structure is delineated by ontological forms, the semantic by cosmological ones; the latter comprise the preconditions for the construction of appearances in accord with the ontological forms. Mechanisms are embedded into this logical framework by representing the more complex spatio-temporal arrangements of cosmological entities. The coordinated model of a mechanism is a reductive type of explanation. This study also demonstrates how Lotze made use of his concept of mechanisms in order to explain law-like and probabilistic events in organic and inorganic nature, thereby establishing an original ‘oligomeric’ (i. e., a fraction of the parts of a system determines its development) variant of a preformative theory of ontogenesis which anticipates modern concepts of genetic determination. In this context, Lotze alludes to paradigms of dissipative structures. The relevance of these reflections for subsequent theories is shown by contrasting them with Schrödinger’s theory of organisms. Finally, a comparison of some aspects of Lotze’s concept of mechanisms with equivalent aspects of current normative approaches confirms that essential elements of the latter versions can be retrieved in the former one. Above that, Lotze employs the teleological aspect of ontological forms in order to determine the extent of the mechanistic system under consideration. He further differentiates three modal states of mechanisms and includes a concept to explain exceptions or irregularities. The concept of ‘activity’ is strictly excluded from his account and shown to be a metaphysical illusion. 相似文献
346.
Gerhard Andersson Per Carlbring Brjánn Ljótsson Erik Hedman 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2013,43(4):223-233
The Internet has become a part of most people’s lives in many parts of the world. Since the late 1990s there has been an intensive research activity in which psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), have been found to be effective when delivered via the Internet. Most research studies indicate that the effects are larger when some form of guidance is provided from a therapist, and unguided treatments tend to lead to more dropout and smaller effects. Guided Internet treatments often consists of book length text materials, but can also include other components such as audio files and video clips. Homework assignment is often included and feedback is given for completed homework. Guided Internet-based CBT (iCBT) has been found to work for problems such as depression, panic-, social anxiety-, and generalized anxiety disorders. There are many research trials in which participants have been recruited via media, and there has been less research conducted in representative clinical settings. Most research has been conducted on adults and in university settings with nationwide recruitment. There is a need for treatments and studies on older adults, children and adolescents. In conclusion, dissemination of the research findings on guided iCBT to regular clinical settings is warranted. 相似文献
347.
348.
Systems of logico-probabilistic (LP) reasoning characterize inference from conditional assertions interpreted as expressing high conditional probabilities. In the present article, we investigate four prominent LP systems (namely, systems O, P, Z, and QC) by means of computer simulations. The results reported here extend our previous work in this area, and evaluate the four systems in terms of the expected utility of the dispositions to act that derive from the conclusions that the systems license. In addition to conforming to the dominant paradigm for assessing the rationality of actions and decisions, our present evaluation complements our previous work, since our previous evaluation may have been too severe in its assessment of inferences to false and uninformative conclusions. In the end, our new results provide additional support for the conclusion that (of the four systems considered) inference by system Z offers the best balance of error avoidance and inferential power. Our new results also suggest that improved performance could be achieved by a modest strengthening of system Z. 相似文献
349.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Psych. Dipl.-Soz. Gerhard Dammann MBA 《Psychotherapeut》2014,59(2):119-129
This paper begins with a cursory overview of psychotherapy outcome research for personality disorders; however, relatively little is known about process research or process outcome relationships. It then focuses on relevant patient and therapist variables. Significant controversies in personality disorder treatment techniques are examined. Initially, studies generally associated transference interpretation with less favorable therapy outcomes. Recent work supports the possibility of differentiated correlations. There is increasing evidence that a moderate amount of transference interpretation and perhaps even a therapeutic alliance that is not so good, maybe indicative of an inner conflict with the therapist relationship, could ultimately be beneficial. This association most probably does not exist in cluster C personality disorders. A problem with this type of research is that clear definitions are often lacking. This complicates comparisons between studies and the influence of other mediating variables remains vague. 相似文献
350.
Lundgren Oskar Garvin Peter Nilsson Lennart Tornerefelt Viktor Andersson Gerhard Kristenson Margareta Jonasson Lena 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2022,29(3):489-497
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Depressive symptoms after coronary events are associated with a worse prognosis. When changing the focus from psychopathology towards a... 相似文献