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61.
Tinnitus is an experience of sound in the absence of an appropriate external source. A symptom that can accompany most central or peripheral dysfunctions of the auditory system, tinnitus can lead to significant distress, depression, anxiety, and decreases in life quality. This paper investigated the construct of psychological acceptance in a population of tinnitus patients. First, a cross-sectional study (N = 77) was conducted in which a tinnitus specific acceptance questionnaire was developed. Results showed that a Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (TAQ) generated good internal consistency. A factor solution was derived with two factors: activity engagement and tinnitus supression. Second, a longitudinal study (N = 47) investigated the mediating role of acceptance on the relationship between tinnitus distress at baseline and tinnitus distress, anxiety, life quality, and depression at a 7-month follow-up. The results showed full mediation of activity engagement for depression and life quality at follow-up, partial mediation for tinnitus distress, and no mediation for anxiety. The role of acceptance in the negative impact of tinnitus distress merits further investigation. 相似文献
62.
The authors investigated the coordination of periodic right-hand tapping with single stimulus-evoked discrete lefthand taps to check for task interactions and a possible relationship between phase resetting (see tapping literature; e.g., J. Yamanishi, M. Kawato, & R. Suzuki, 1979) and phase entrainment (see tremor literature; e.g., R. J. Elble, C. Higgins, & L. Hughes, 1994). The experimental paradigm employs a dual-task condition as used by K. Yoshino, K. Takagi, T. Nomura, S. Sato, and M. Tonoike (2002), and it includes normal tapping and isometric tapping with the authors recording finger positions and ground contact forces. Four different types of coordination schemes were observed in tapping behavior: marginal tapping interaction (MTI), periodic tap retardation (PTR), periodic tap hastening (PTH), and discrete tap entrainment (DTE); MTI and PTR correspond to the phase-resetting effect for the coordination of periodic tapping with single discrete taps. The novel aspect of the study described in this article includes the impact of the periodic tapping on the discrete tap timing and the hastening of the periodic tapping due to the discrete tap behaviors resulting in a synchronized execution of the two concurrent tapping tasks. All participants showed a dominant tapping behavior, but they all used the other nondominant forms of the four reported coordination schemes in some trials too, which reflects possible constraints of the sensorimotor system in handling two competing tasks. 相似文献
63.
Gerhard Andersson 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(2):176-187
In the present study a Swedish sample of 118 persons with chronic pain completed online tests on two occasions in association
with treatment trials. A three item subscale measuring praying as a coping strategy was derived from the Coping Strategies
Questionnaire (CSQ), but adapted to refer to “a higher power” instead of “God”. Measures of pain and anxiety/depression were
also included. Results revealed significant associations between praying and pain interference and impairment. Praying was
also associated with anxiety and depression scores. Results also showed that prayer predicted depression scores at follow-up,
and that follow-up prayer was predicted by pain interference at first measurement occasion. Overall, if prayer had any relation
with the other variables it was in the negative direction of more distress being associated with more praying both concurrently
and prospectively.
相似文献
Gerhard AnderssonEmail: Email: |
64.
Journal of Philosophical Logic - In order to prove the validity of logical rules, one has to assume these rules in the metalogic. However, rule-circular ‘justifications’ are... 相似文献
65.
66.
Gerhard Hoffstaedter 《Contemporary Islam》2009,3(2):121-141
Islam hadhari (progressive Islam) appeared on the Malaysian political sphere in 2004 and seemed to create an alternative model to Western
modernity and multiculturalism. It was proclaimed as progressive and forward-looking, yet steeped deeply in Islam’s nostalgic
golden past. It was hailed as a novel form of Malaysian Islamic multiculturalism by some, derided by others as a new version
of Islam and ignored by many as a government project. This paper conceptualizes Islam hadhari theoretically and places it within its Malaysian contexts to show what possibilities it engendered and how it can be best
appraised today.
相似文献
Gerhard HoffstaedterEmail: |
67.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) is considered to be an effective treatment of distress associated with tinnitus (perception of internal noises without any outer auditory stimulation), but the processes by which the therapy works remain unclear. Mindfulness and acceptance is receiving increased attention in the treatment literature for chronic medical conditions. However, few studies have examined these and related processes with behavioral or observer measures. In the present study 57 videotapes (a total of 1710 min) from 19 clients who participated in a controlled trial of an acceptance-based treatment for tinnitus distress, were coded for frequency and peak level of verbal behaviors expressing either acceptance or cognitive defusion. Frequency of cognitive defusion behaviors and peak level of cognitive defusion as well as peak level of acceptance rated in Session 2, predicted symptom reduction 6 month following treatment. These relationships were not accounted for by the improvement that had occurred prior to the measurement point of the process variables. Moreover, prior symptom changes could not predict process variables rated later in therapy (after most of the improvement in therapy had occurred). Thus, clients’ in-session acceptance and cognitive defusion behaviors appear to play an important role in the reduction of negative impact of tinnitus. 相似文献
68.
Using the Internet to provide cognitive behaviour therapy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerhard Andersson 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(3):175-180
A new treatment form has emerged that merges cognitive behaviour therapy with the Internet. By delivering treatment components, mainly in the form of texts presented via web pages, and provide ongoing support using e-mail promising outcomes can be achieved. The literature on this novel form of treatment has grown rapidly over recent years with several controlled trials in the field of anxiety disorders, mood disorders and behavioural medicine. For some of the conditions for which Internet-delivered CBT has been tested, independent replications have shown large effect sizes, for example in the treatment of social anxiety disorder. In some studies, Internet-delivered treatment can achieve similar outcomes as in face-to-face CBT, but the literature thus far is restricted mainly to efficacy trials. This article provides a brief summary of the evidence, comments on the role of the therapist and for which patient and therapist this is suitable. Areas of future research and exploration are identified. 相似文献
69.
Studies at the individual level have shown a negative effect of education and intelligence on risky behavior. The same has been demonstrated for risky sexual behavior and for HIV-infection rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In path analyses at the country data level, cognitive abilities (seen as depending on education) show a strong negative effect on HIV-infection rates, whereas gross domestic product and modernization each has a small positive effect. A higher proportion of Muslims in the population reduces the HIV-infection rate. Explanations for the effect of intelligence include a better understanding of causal relationships between one's behavior and health, greater awareness of future consequences, indirect intelligence effects, a general rationality effect, a civic embeddedness effect, and more competent management of the problem by governments, e.g. through public education programs about HIV transmission and AIDS. 相似文献
70.
Gerhard Minnameier 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(3):131-143
The study provides an in-depth analysis of two young adult subjects from a longitudinal study who underwent successive and
significant developmental changes. Their developmental patterns, however, are only revealed by a new conception of moral stages,
which is both more comprehensive and more detailed than Kohlberg’s original approach. In particular, the suggested alternative
taxonomy neatly accommodates what appears as developmental anomalies in the Kohlbergian frame of reference. What is more,
apart from merely matching with the observed data, the new theory also explains why the subjects developed the way they did,
since it reveals the inherent cognitive conflicts at each stage and how these are resolved at the following one. Although
the theory stands against the Kohlberg theory as it is, it may be understood as an extension and further development of the
latter, in the sense that Kohlbergian stages are differentiated, supplemented, and theoretically substantiated within the
new framework.
相似文献
Gerhard MinnameierEmail: |